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Termin samoodločbe je zapisan v ustanovitvenih dokumentih večine državnih ustav ter mednarodnega prava, prav tako pa predstavlja sredstvo za legitimizacijo države ter nadnacionalnega reda. Točna definicija in njeni parametri pa so v resnici stvar debate, ne glede na to ali izhajajo iz logike notranjosti državniškega sistema ali iz logike njegove zunanjosti. Magistrsko delo najprej sledi "klasičnemu" pojmu samoodločbe v njegovi zgodovinski partikularnosti znotraj mednarodnega sistema, pri čemer poudari veliko napetost med samoodločbo in državno suverenostjo. Nakar se obrne h kritični politični teoriji, da bi izkopalo definicijo samoodločbe, pri kateri popusti poseben odnos samoodločbe z državnim sistemom in pojmom suverenosti. Takšno pojmovanje samoodločbe je za potrebe naloge poimenovano "rizomatično" in se nato uporabi pri analizi štirih primerov z namenom, da se pokaže, kako lahko tak pojem samoodločbe uporabimo za razumevanje možnosti, ki jih vzpostavljajo najnovejša politična gibanja. Temeljni argument magistrskega dela je, da ko jih razumemo v okvirju državnega sistema kot sedanjo ali prihodnjo "aktivno" pravico, se dejanja samoodločbe zreducirajo na normativni determinizem zgodovinsko kontingentnih odnosov sil, saj se bodisi ujamejo v pogoje obstoječih dejavnikov znotraj konstituiranega sistema bodisi njihovo uresničitev pogojuje učinkovitost sile, ki jo lahko izvršujejo, da bi izničili funkcije sistema, ki slonijo na obstoječih pravilih. Ko pa jo razumemo onkraj zaprte logike državnega sistema, lahko samoodločba pomeni izražanje neomejene konstituirajoče oblasti in kolektivne imaginacije, ki sprosti nove vektorje možnosti človeških političnih odnosov. ; The notion of 'self-determination' is enshrined in the founding documents of international law and most state constitutions as a means of legitimating the current state and supranational order. However, its precise definition and parameters are the subject of debate—both when understood from within the logic of the state system and from outside it. This thesis situates the "classic" notion of self-determination within its particular historical position inside the international system, highlighting its deep tension with the norm of state sovereignty, before turning to critical political theory to unearth a definition of self-determination wherein its particular relationship to the state system and the total notion of sovereignty is relaxed. This conception of self-determination is, for the purposes of this thesis, termed 'rhizomatic,' and applied to four case studies to demonstrate how it might be used to understand the possibilities created by recent political movements. The primary argument of this thesis is that, when understood inside the state system as a present or future 'active' right, acts of determination reduce to the normative determinism of historically contingent relations of force because they are either resolved on the terms of existing actors within the constituted system or by the effectiveness of force they can exert to deny the system's function based on its previous rules. However, when understood beyond the closed logic of the state system, self-determination can be taken to mean manifestations of boundless constitutive power and collective imagination that unleash new vectors of possibility for human political relations.

The special legal nature of the concession contract (as one of the legal transactions) which represents a legal framework where the public & private interests meet (two parties cooperate for mutual benefit) is characterized by intertwining of general rules of obligation law & special legal institutes that originate from the sphere of public law. The legal nature of the contractual relationships that arise between administrative & private entities requires special regulation of individual institutes that should reflect the public interest as an important guiding principle for concluding these contracts, & a special legal position of a public law entity as a holder of this public interest. Despite adoption of the new Public-Private Partnership Act in the legislative regulation of the concession contract that still remains variously regulated in previously adopted special provisions of sectoral laws, there are still some deficiencies & dilemmas that are more or less effectively dealt with in the contractual practice. For the legal positions that are classically civil at first sight, the legislator or court practice have laid down special modified rules of civil law in most developed countries. In the course of time, these rules became part of public law/administrative law. Thus, the French legal order has best developed the rules of the public contractual law & the legal institute of the administrative contract that the Slovenian administrative theoreticians try more & more to introduce also into our legal order. References. Adapted from the source document.

การพัฒนาตามแนวทางพุทธศาสนารวมแล้วเป็นการพัฒนากาย วาจา และใจ บนพื้นฐานของหลักการ ไม่ทำบาปทั้งปวง การทำกุศลไห้ถึงพร้อมการทำใจไห้บริสุทธิ์ หลักพุทธธรรมกับการพัฒนาตนเองประกอบด้วยมรรคมีองค์แปด ได้แก่ ความเห็นชอบ ดำริชอบ วาจาชอบ กระทำชอบ เลี้ยงชีพชอบ เพียรชอบ ระลึกชอบ และ ตั้งใจมั่นชอบ ; The development according to Buddhism is the development of body, speech and mind based on principles of not sinning all, keep up with the charity and mental putification The principles of Buddhadhamma for self-development consisted of the Four Noble Truths namely suffering, the origin of suffering , the cessation of suffering, and the path to the cessation of suffering. And the guidelines for development are the Noble Eighfold Path including the Right understanding, Right thought, Right speech, Right action Right livelihood, Right effort, Right effort, Right mindfulness and Right concentration.

To magistrsko delo analizira obrambno sodelovanje držav višegrajske skupine s poudarkom na sodelovanju na področju obrambne industrije in sodobne obrambne trgovine med državami. Čeprav se zdi, da je višegrajska skupina zelo povezana in trdna zveza držav, se v literaturi pojavljajo prav nasprotna mnenja. Četudi so vsem državam skupine skupne težave zaradi zastarele vojaške opreme in potrebe po modernih oborožitvenih sistemih ter kljub obetavnim izjavam politikov, je sodelovanje na tem področju zelo skopo. Obrambne industrije višegrajskih držav so čedalje bolj vpete v proizvodne procese zahodnih vojaških multinacionalnih korporacij, politični odločevalci višegrajske skupine pa še vedno niso pripravljeni izdatno podpreti iskrenega sodelovanja med državami, kot na primer skupnih dobav. Četudi lahko pri analizi obrambnih sektorjev skupine zaznamo celo vrsto strukturnih problemov, pa se obrambna trgovina višegrajskih držav ujema z njihovo zunanjo in varnostno politiko. To ujemanje samo po sebi ne izključuje ostalih težav v obrambnih industrijskih sektorjih, ki ovirajo sodelovanje držav, služi pa kot nadaljnji dokaz, kako so obrambno-industrijski sektorji držav tesno povezani z njihovo zunanjo in varnostno politiko. ; This master thesis analyses the defense cooperation of the Visegrad group countries with specific focus on the collaboration initiatives in the defence industry sector and ongoing arms trade relations among the countries. While the Visegrad group seems a coherent and a solid group of countries, many experts on this field argue quite the contrary. Despite the common issues regarding the obsolete military force, the need for newer or modernized weapon systems and, above all, the political declarations promoting the defence industry cooperation among the group countries, there have been little steps taken apart from the promising rhetoric. The countries' defence industries are progressively more involved in the work process of the Western defence corporations, while the political decision makers are still not really keen on genuine cooperation such as common acquisition of arms in intra-group level. While a whole set of obstacles for the deeper cooperation can be identified, foreign and security directions of the countries resemble the trade relations in the arms market. Although this matching as such does not necessarily prove that the group's foreign and security policies solely and by itself negatively contribute to the closer defence industry cooperation, it serves as another proof how the defence industrial complex is tightly connected to one country's foreign and security policy.

The purpose of the publication is to clarify the relationship between the Ukrainian state center and the city authorities of Gomel in the context of the accession of the Gomel region to the Ukrainian state. This issue is also important for studying the general experience of the city administration, as well as for the reconstruction of regional history, as Gomel demonstrated the case of the longest retention of elected city government in Belarus after October. According to the agreement of January 27 (February 9) 1918 between the UPR on the one hand and Germany, Turkey, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria – on the other the southern districts of Grodno, Minsk and Mogilev provinces of the former North-Western region with ethnic Belarusian population were annexed. Ukraine and included in the process of Ukrainian state building. Gomel, the largest industrial and transport center on the Belarusian-Ukrainian-Russian border, also became part of Ukraine. In the conditions of establishment of structures of the Ukrainian state management and administration in Gomel district the activity of zemstvo-city self-government which party structure and state-political orientations were formed after February, 1917 and remained during short (from December, 1917 to the end of February, 1918) domination in the city of the Bolsheviks. The problem of the relationship between the hetman's government and local authorities in the annexed territories has not yet found its special study. The author of this text had to consider some institutional and personal aspects of the functioning of the Ukrainian authorities in the annexed Belarusian counties, as well as the issue of state identification of the Gomel Directory. The factual and institutional aspect of the topic was reflected in a thorough reference book on various government agencies in Belarus during the military-revolutionary period of 1917–1920. New sources of information for the topic were created by the publication of reports of the highest representatives of the Hetman's power on the ...

Po načelu samoodločbe imajo ljudstva pravico do suverenosti, ki je razdeljena na notranjo in zunanjo samoodločbo. Notranja samoodločba se kaže v pravici do kulturnega, socialnega in ekonomskega razvoja, medtem ko se zunanja najbolj kaže v pravici do oblikovanja svoje države in do nastopanja v mednarodnopravnem prostoru kot suveren subjekt. Teorijo je v mednarodnih dokumentih po koncu druge svetovne vojne začela razvijati OZN, ki je notranjo samoodločbo priznala vsem ljudstvom, medtem ko je zunanjo omejila na kolonialna ljudstva in pri njihovi definiciji ubrala zelo ozko razlago. Druga polovica 20. stoletja je posledično prinesla nastanek ogromnega števila novih držav, zlasti na afriškem in azijskem kontinentu. Več ali manj se vse centralne vlade soočajo z obstojem skupine ali skupin ljudi, ki imajo drugačne kulturne, jezikovne in socialne značilnosti. Pristop vsake centralne vlade do teh skupin ljudi je različen, vendar je v zadnjih stotih letih možno opaziti, da imajo več posluha za njihove potrebe in priznavanja različnih oblik samoupravljanja. Centralne vlade z njimi sprejemajo mednarodne sporazume, ki se zapišejo v ustavo. Teorija pozna dva različna modela, ki skušata pojasniti sanacijsko pravico do samoodločbe, to je zunajpravne pravice do odcepitve, ki naj bi popravila nepravično stanje. Naloga vzame pod drobnogled sanacijsko pravico do odcepitve avtorja Allena Buchanana. Buchanan namreč priznava pravico ljudstvom, ki so grobo zatirani s strani države, odcepitev pa bi predstavljala sanacijo. Katalonija je že več stoletij del Kraljevine Španije. Po španski ustavi ima status avtonomne regije, na podlagi katere ima določene specifične pravice. Kataloncem je po mednarodnem pravu skoraj nemogoče priznati pravico do zunanje samoodločbe, čemur tudi ni naklonjena španska ustava. Nemiri v zadnjem desetletju nakazujejo, da v Španiji nekaj ni v redu, zato je treba morebitno rešitev poiskati v teorijah, kot je sanacijska pravica do samoodločbe. ; According to the principle of self-determination, peoples have the right to sovereignty, which is divided into internal and external self-determination. Internal self-determination is manifested in the right to cultural, social and economic development, while external self- determination is most evident in the right to form one's country and to act as a sovereign entity in the international legal space. The theory was developed in international documents after the end of World War II by the UN, which recognized internal self-determination for all peoples while restricting external ones to colonial peoples and defining a very narrow interpretation in their definition. The second half of the 20th century, in turn, brought about the emergence of a huge number of new countries, especially in the African and Asian continents. More or less all central governments are confronted with the existence of a group or groups of people with different cultural, linguistic and social characteristics. The approach of each central government to these groups of people is different, but over the last hundred years, it can be observed that they have more of an ear for their needs and for recognizing different forms of self-government. Central governments sign international agreements with them and adopt them into constitution. Theory knows two different constructs that seek to explain the remedial right to self-determination, that is, the unlawful right to secession, which is to remedy an unjust state. The task under scrutiny takes the remedial right to secede Allen Buchanan. Buchanan recognizes the right of people who are severely oppressed by the state, and secession would mean a remedial action. Catalonia has been part of the Kingdom of Spain for centuries. Under the Spanish Constitution, it has the status of an autonomous region, on the basis of which it has specific rights. It is almost impossible for Catalans to recognize the right to external self-determination under international law, which is not favored by the Spanish Constitution. The unrest of the last decade suggests that something is not right in Spain, so any solution must be sought in theories such as the remedial right to self-determination.

The article presents legal solutions of the European Union (EU) and Member States (MS) with respect to the digitalisation of company law. We analyse and evaluate the EU's efforts to overcome the backlog of legislation concerning technological development, with legal solutions in the field of the electronic formation and registration of companies and in shareholders' communication with company board members. The analysis shows that company law in the EU is lagging behind technological development. Despite ongoing dynamic efforts to modernise it on the EU level, the MS reveal differences in their speed of implementing the EU's directives. The case of Slovenia shows that while digital tools are in wide use for ensuring transparent data disclosure and publication, along with the realisation of basic corporate governance functions, big differences remain between the minority of companies traded on the regulated market and the majority of companies for which such regulation is deficient. Keywords: digitalisation, electronic means, block chain technology, company registration, shareholders' general meeting (SGM), COVID-19 pandemic

Although the new international economic
order (NIEO) has mostly been assessed as a failure, its
ideas still seem relevant in today's crisis environment.
The new context clearly shows that the existing liberal
international order is ineffective and calls for deep
changes like in the times of the developing countries'
fight for the NIEO. The article considers whether its
principles remain of relevance today, which ones have
been amended and which should be newly introduced,
all based on NIEO-related lessons. Dilemmas between
international law or a rules-based order as a framework for global governance and whether the proposed
new inclusive global economic order is to be based on
values (and if so, which) are evaluated.
Keywords: new international economic order, new
inclusive global economic order, rules-based order, values, principles, international law, global governance,
lessons

The objective of this research is to 1) assess civil society policies and promote self-reliance of the elderly in Nakhon Pathom Province 2) study the effectiveness of civil state policy implementation 3) propose mechanisms and guidelines for driving state civil policy effectively as a research Quality by the key informants used in the research were 1) 13 civil society policy executives and civil state policy makers 2) a The elderly were the result of the civil state policy, consisting of 14 persons, 3 experts who participated in the 8 sub-group meetings, were the specific data providers, the research instruments were in-depth interview, data collection. With in-depth interviews and group discussions, issues from in-depth interviews were analyzed using content analysis methods The information is extremely descriptive analytical research on that. The results of the research revealed that: The results of the civil state policy evaluation and promoting self-reliance of the elderly, the majority of the elderly are satisfied with this policy which is a concrete, clear operation, with pride that they can rely on Can only take oneself, but are worried that there may be exploitation from policy implementation, management suggests that policies should be carried out continuously because it will improve the quality of life Including social participation, personal economic support, physical and mental promotion. Effectiveness of civil state policy and promoting the self-reliance of the elderly, some projects are not worth the budget, some people are not fully affected by the policy. Human resource management should use people to match the work. And must comply with the plan and should be sustainable in the implementation of the policy, including the duration of the project implementation is too short resulting in no effectiveness Visual performance is poor mechanism and policy-driven approach to efficiently find the civil state. Strategies and guidelines for driving the public policy efficiently, it is found that the village community should be implemented before the government project, the city or community should be built for the elderly, creating a database of the elderly, the policy must be sustainable, increase the budget Regarding the elderly, increase public relations regarding public policy. ; การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ประเมินนโยบายประชารัฐกับการส่งเสริมการพึ่งตนเองของผู้สูงอายุ จังหวัดนครปฐม 2) ศึกษาประสิทธิผลการดำเนินนโยบายประชารัฐ 3) นำเสนอกลไก และแนวทางการขับเคลื่อนนโยบายประชารัฐอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ เป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ โดยผู้ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญที่ใช้ในการวิจัยคือ 1) ผู้บริหารนโยบายประชารัฐและผู้ดำเนินนโยบายประชารัฐ จำนวน 13 ท่าน 2) กลุ่มผู้สูงอายุผู้รับผลจากนโยบายประชารัฐ จำนวน 14 ท่าน 3) ผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิที่เข้าร่วมการประชุมกลุ่มย่อย จำนวน 8 ท่าน เป็นการเลือกผู้ให้ข้อมูลแบบเฉพาะเจาะจง เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัยเป็นแบบสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก การเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลด้วยการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก และการสนทนากลุ่มย่อยจากประเด็นปัญหาจากการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยวิธีการวิเคราะห์เชิงเนื้อหา การนำเสนอข้อมูลแบบพรรณนาเชิงวิเคราะห์ ผลการวิจัยบว่า ผลการประเมินนโยบายประชารัฐกับการส่งเสริมการพึ่งตนเองได้ของผู้สูงอายุ ผู้สูงอายุส่วนใหญ่มีความพึงพอใจต่อนโยบายนี้ โดยเป็นการดำเนินงานที่เป็นรูปธรรมชัดเจน มีความภูมิใจว่าสามารถพึ่งพาตนเองได้ แต่กังวลว่าอาจจะเกิดการแสวงหาผลประโยชน์จากการดำเนินนโยบาย ฝ่ายผู้บริหารเสนอว่าควรดำเนินนโยบายอย่างต่อเนื่องเพราะทำให้คุณภาพชีวิตดีขึ้น ทั้งการเข้าร่วมสังคม ช่วยเหลือเศรษฐกิจส่วนบุคคล ส่งเสริมทางร่างกายและจิตใจ ประสิทธิผลการดำเนินนโยบายประชารัฐกับส่งเสริมการพึ่งตนเองของผู้สูงอายุ บางโครงการไม่คุ้มค่ากับเงินงบประมาณ บางท่านไม่ได้รับผลจากนโยบายอย่างเต็มที่ การบริหารทรัพยากรบุคคลควรใช้คนให้ตรงกับงาน ควรมีการวางแผนที่ดีและต้องปฏิบัติตามแผนที่กำหนด และควรมีความยั่งยืนในการดำเนินนโยบาย รวมทั้งระยะเวลาของการดำเนินโครงการสั้นเกินไป ทำให้ไม่เกิดประสิทธิภาพและประสิทธิผลที่ดีเท่าที่ควร กลไกและแนวทางการขับเคลื่อนนโยบายประชารัฐอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพพบว่า ควรทำประชาคมหมู่บ้านก่อนดำเนินโครงการ ภาครัฐควรสร้างเมือง หรือชุมชนสำหรับผู้สูงอายุ การจัดทำฐานข้อมูลรวมของผู้สูงอายุ นโยบายต้องมีความยั่งยืน เพิ่มงบประมาณเกี่ยวกับผู้สูงอายุ เพิ่มการประชาสัมพันธ์เกี่ยวกับนโยบายประชารัฐ