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Following the financial crisis of 2008, the UK government has set out new economic priorities which include jobs and returns from investment in science and technologybased activity. In this paper we show that the Cambridge area already provides a microcosm for such a future economy, one that it reveals both strengths and weaknesses. Using longitudinal county-wide data on technology firms in Cambs, we show that these firms have been resilient to recession over the past quarter century (as compared with Silicon Valley) and achieved high survival rates until the past few years. Cambridge tech firms are depicted in terms of size and sectoral distribution on the eve of the credit crisis, using new data on serial spin out from the university as a check on county-wide data. Larger firms showed a recent recovery in jobs and sales after delayed impact from the technology slump of the new millennium. However a fall in the number of start ups and firms in the smaller size groups is a cause for concern, since it is from just such a pool that the more successful Cambridge firms have emerged over the past three decades.

This edited collection examines Commonwealth administration under the leadership Prime Minister Kevin Rudd from 2007-2010. This was a remarkable period in Australian history: Rudd's government was elected in 2007 with an ambitious program for change. However, as the chapters in this book demonstrate, these ambitions were thwarted by a range of factors, not the least being Rudd's failure to press ahead when he confronted 'road blocks' such the ETS or managing his massive agenda which constantly elevated issues to 'first order priority'. Although he started his term with stratospheric approval ratings, only two years later his support had collapsed and on 24 July 2010 he became the first sitting Prime Minister to be removed by his own Party before the expiry of his first term. In this book, expert contributors consider the Rudd Government's policy, institutional and political legacy. The 14 chapters are organized into four sections, outlining the issues and agendas that guided Rudd's government, changes to the institutions of state such as the public service and parliament, followed by discussions of key issues and policies that marked Rudd's term in office. The final section examines Rudd's leadership and reflects on the personal foibles and political factors that brought his Prime Ministership undone. The Rudd Government has been produced by the ANZSOG Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra. It is the tenth in a series of books on successive Commonwealth administrations. Each volume has provided a chronicle and commentary of major events, policies and issues that have dominated successive administrations since 1983. As with previous volumes in the series, contributors have been drawn from a range of universities and other organisations.

Der Beitrag versucht, einige Lehren hinsichtlich des Einflusses, den der Wettbewerbsstaat auf die Entwicklung der Sozialpolitik in Großbritannien besaß, zu ziehen. (1) Mitte der 1980 erkennt man die Notwendigkeit an, die Arbeitslosigkeit mit den Mitteln des Marktes und nicht mit staatlicher Interventionspolitik anzugehen. (2) Diese Maßnahmen gehen auf die Regierungen Thatcher bzw. Major zurück und stehen für einen langfristigen Paradigmenwechsel in der Wohlfahrtsphilosophie ("Arbeit-für-Wohlfahrt ist ein Programm, das Unabhängigkeit schafft") (3) Der "Wettbewerbsstaat" versuchte schon in den 1980 Jahren, das staatliche Handeln effektiver "globalen Realitäten" anzupassen. Diese Reformen symbolisieren auf dramatische Weise den Abgesang der alten Labour-Werte - von kollektiven zu individuellen Aushandlungsprozessen, vom öffentlichen zum privaten Eigentum, vom Anspruch zum Vertrag und in Richtung eher konsumorientierter als produktionsorientierter Werthaltungen. Der Thatcherismus funktionierte als Diskurs, der Menschen für bestimmte Projekte mobilisierte und die Grundlage für eine politische, intellektuelle und moralische Führerschaft schuf. New Labour verkauft sich selbst als "Globalisierung mit menschlichem Gesicht". (ICA2)

This is an Open Access Paper. It is published by Design Research Society under the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial 4.0 Unported Licence (CC BY-NC). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ; In order to alleviate poverty throughout the World government and nongovernment organisations provide aid in the form of essential household products. These products typically include cook stoves, water filters and LED lights. However, evidence suggests that these products are not always suitable for Low Income Economies (LIEs) which has resulted in a number of high profile product failures. In response to the growing need for appropriate New Product Development (NPD), this paper presents the development of a tool to assist industrial designers create appropriate and long lasting solutions for those in poverty. Data was collected from the analysis of existing products, a survey, interviews with NGOs & industrial designers and a field trip to Myanmar. The results were used to identify attributes required for effective, long‐lasting product design. This was used to create a tool for designers which was found to enhance understanding of appropriate NPD for LIEs.

In order to alleviate poverty throughout the World government and non‐ government organisations provide aid in the form of essential household products. These products typically include cook stoves, water filters and LED lights. However, evidence suggests that these products are not always suitable for Low Income Economies (LIEs) which has resulted in a number of high profile product failures. In response to the growing need for appropriate New Product Development (NPD), this paper presents the development of a tool to assist industrial designers create appropriate and long lasting solutions for those in poverty. Data was collected from the analysis of existing products, a survey, interviews with NGOs & industrial designers and a field trip to Myanmar. The results were used to identify attributes required for effective, long‐lasting product design. This was used to create a tool for designers which was found to enhance understanding of appropriate NPD for LIEs.

In order to alleviate poverty throughout the World government and non‐government organisations provide aid in the form of essential household products. These products typically include cook stoves, water filters and LED lights. However, evidence suggests that these products are not always suitable for Low Income Economies (LIEs) which has resulted in a number of high profile product failures. In response to the growing need for appropriate New Product Development (NPD), this paper presents the development of a tool to assist industrial designers create appropriate and long lasting solutions for those in poverty. Data was collected from the analysis of existing products, a survey, interviews with NGOs & industrial designers and a field trip to Myanmar. The results were used to identify attributes required for effective, long‐lasting product design. This was used to create a tool for designers which was found to enhance understanding of appropriate NPD for LIEs.