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Arthur Friedenreich é um dos primeiros ídolos na memória do futebol brasileiro. No que diz respeito à escrita da história deste esporte no Brasil às voltas com os mecanismos da identidade nacional, qual leitura podemos fazer sobre a apresentação do seu principal personagem nas primeiras décadas do século XX? A fim de responder a esta pergunta, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar os escritos e as imagens sobre o ex-jogador Arthur Friedenreich em museus da cidade de São Paulo. Como fontes, utilizou-se o conteúdo de três exposições dessa cidade. Para a análise das imagens fotográficas, baseamo-nos em conceitos de sentido denotativo e conotativo presentes em uma imagem fotográfica e, para textualidades, em uma análise documental. Os resultados revelaram que estas exposições procuraram apresentar o ex-jogador como um dos heróis negros ou mulatos do futebol que, pela competência e mérito no jogo, contribuiu não só para a democratização da modalidade no país, mas também expressou a especificidade do "racismo à brasileira". Recorrentemente rememorado pelos museus que guardam a memória do futebol brasileiro, a biografia de Friedenreich chama a atenção para o sucesso do primeiro grande ídolo como orgulho étnico e nacional do país, ao mesmo tempo em que revela as ambiguidades da identificação racial no Brasil. ; Arthur Friedenreich is one of the first football Brazilian idols to become engraved in the memory of this sport. Regarding the writing of the history of this sport in Brazil dealing with the mechanisms of national identity, what can we learn with its main character in the first decades of the 20th century? To answer this question, we deal with the writings and images of the former player Arthur Friedenreich in three exhibitions in museums, which are located in the city of Sao Paulo. In the study, we refer to photographic images as a concept of denotative and connotative meaning and textuality as documentary analysis. The results revealed that these exhibitions sought to present the former player not only as one of the biggest black (or mulatto) heroes of football due to his competence and merit in this field, but also contributed to the democratization of the sport in the country. Besides, the research expressed the specificity of "the Brazilian way of racism". The prodigious performance of Friedenreich has been recurrently recalled by the museums that hold the memory of football. His biography draws attention to the success of the idol presenting the ambiguities of racial identification in Brazil.

The research relates to the relation between the political actors and subversive art and their respective position on dominant themes such as anti-Semitism, the denial of the Nazi past, the status of women, ecology. From existing theories on relations between engaged art and politics, it is a question of studying the works of art of four artists representative on both policy statements and newer technologies through history from 1945 up to now, in the Second Republic of Austria : the sculptor Alfred Hrdlicka, the painter and architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser, the Viennese actionist Günter Brus, the feminist Valie Export. Each one, in his own way, shakes up the established order through his aggressive art and writings. The aim is to specify the type and level of protest of these artists and to assess to what extent they have participated in the democratic debate and modernisation within Austrian society as well as in the identity building of Austria after 1945. ; La recherche porte sur les relations entre les acteurs politiques et l'art subversif et leur positionnement face à des thèmes récurrents tels l'antisémitisme, l'oubli du passé, la condition de la femme, l'écologie. Partant des théories existantes sur les rapports entre l'art engagé et le politique, il s'agit d'étudier les œuvres de quatre artistes représentatifs à la fois de l'évolution des positions politiques et des techniques nouvelles à travers l'histoire de 1945 à nos jours, dans la IIe République d'Autriche : le sculpteur Alfred Hrdlicka, le peintre et architecte Friedensreich Hundertwasser, l'actionniste viennois Günter Brus, la féministe Valie Export. Ces artistes bousculent l'ordre établi à travers leur art agressif et leurs écrits. Le but est de définir la nature et le degré de leur protestation et de déterminer dans quelle mesure ils ont participé au débat démocratique et à la modernisation de la société autrichienne ainsi qu'à la construction identitaire de l'Autriche après 1945.

[Hrsg.: Johann C. von Aretin] ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- J.publ.g. 708 f

[Hrsg.: Johann C. von Aretin] ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- J.publ.e. 352

[Hrsg.: Johann C. von Aretin] ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Bibl.Mont. 1436

[Hrsg.: Johann C. von Aretin] ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek -- JH.Dipl.o.13

Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- H.un.app. 1067 c