[Abstract] This research presents a proposal for a study of governance from the perspective presented in the Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP) of the European Union, which seeks to provide coherence to the problems in the maritime sector through the coordination of all stakeholders in the maritime sector. The objective of this research is to identify the barriers and the problems that occur when a Member State tries to implement the Integrated Maritime Policy in the governmental organization of marine spaces. The challenge is to achieve 'blue governance' i.e.the activation of a network of cooperation between the different stakeholders of the port sectors so as to be able to integrate the different regional, national, European and international levels with the purpose of establishing a structured, systematic collaboration framework. ; [Resumo] Esta investigación ofrece unha proposta para o estudo da gobernanza desde a perspectiva presentada na Política Marítima Integrada (PMI) da Unión Europea, que busca proporcionarlles coherencia aos problemas do sector marítimo desde a coordinación de todos os interesados. O obxectivo desta investigación é identificar as barreiras e os problemas que ocorren cando un Estado membro intenta implementar a Política Marítima Integrada na organización gobernamental de espazos mariños. O desafío que se tenta conseguir é lograr a gobernanza azul, é dicir, a activación dunha rede de cooperación entre as diferentes partes interesadas do sector portuario para poder integrar os diferentes niveis rexionais, nacionais, europeos e internacionais de cara a unha estrutura colaborativa.
It is proposed that government, being the tangible expression of the legitimate authority within an organised society, has undegone a long transformational journey since its very emergence. The various evolutionary forms and features of the government have been the product of its meaningful and viable responses to the changing expectations of the people as well as to the challenges they faced in an ever-changing environment. The exclusive domain of the state over the period became a shared space with inclusion of other actors and stakeholders, and an era of governance was ushered in since the 1980s. The much celebrated success of the liberal democracy and its market-led open economy heralded as an era of good governance. However, the universal model of good governance fails to take into account the local constraints of a society. Thus, the idea of good governance has to face various types of challenges in the developing as well as underdeveloped societies.
International Conference "Ocean Governance in Archipelagic Regions", 7-10 October 2019, Faial, Azores, Portugal. ; A gestão das pescas na Região Autónoma dos Açores (RAA) é feita com base na Política Comum de pescas (PCP, Regulamento UE nº 1380/2013, de 11 de dezembro), que deverá ir ao encontro dos requisitos presentes na Diretiva Quadro Estratégia Marinha (DQEM, Diretiva nº 2008/56/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 17 de junho) e estar alinhada com os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável das Nações Unidas, nomeadamente o #14. A União Europeia (UE), através destes diplomas, exige aos estados membros que implementem medidas de gestão eficientes que assegurem a sustentabilidade social, económica e ambiental das atividades extrativas, incluindo a monitorização regular dos recursos explorados e seus habitats. Neste sentido a UE instituiu um quadro para a recolha e gestão de dados da pesca (Regulamento (UE) 2017/1004, de 17 maio) cujo principal objetivo é assegurar a recolha de dados, por todos os estados membros, que serão posteriormente disponibilizados e utilizados para efeitos de gestão das pescarias comunitárias. A monitorização da atividade pesqueira vem também expressa no art. 15º da PCP ao proibir as rejeições. Isto representa uma mudança fundamental no sistema de gestão das pescarias europeias face ao anterior regulamento base, que permite monitorizar todas as frações da captura e não apenas os desembarques. Um regime de gestão específico de acesso à pesca de espécies em profundidade foi também implementado pela EU (Regulamento (UE) 2016/2336, de 14 dezembro) e prevê, entre outros constrangimentos, uma cobertura mínima das operações de pesca em profundidade. A sustentabilidade das pescarias regionais e a garantia do bom estado ambiental é uma imposição clara da UE e passa pela tomada de medidas eficientes de gestão pesqueira que tenham por base informação obtida ao abrigo de programas sistemáticos de monitorização de recursos, da pesca e dos habitats marinhos. De facto, as decisões estratégicas a adotar na gestão dos recursos marinhos devem basear-se no conhecimento científico sólido e bem fundamentado sobre o nível de exploração que as unidades populacionais podem suportar, tendo em consideração também os potenciais efeitos que sobre eles podem exercer outras pressões. Consciente das obrigações impostas e das necessidades ao nível da recolha de dados da pesca, a administração regional garante a execução do Programa Nacional de Recolha de Dados da Pesca (PNRD) e financia uma série de outros programas de monitorização em estreita colaboração com o Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores. Alguns destes programas com uma série temporal de dados considerável, como são a campanha anual de demersais (ARQDAÇO) para estimação de abundâncias de recursos demersais e o Programa de Observação das Pescas dos Açores (POPA) para a recolha de dados das pescarias da região, com especial atenção à pescaria de atum de salto e vara. Acresce a estes programas de monitorização, o COSTA (COnsolidating Sea Turtle conservation in the Azores) que numa parceria com instituições estrangeiras prevê a recolha de dados na pescaria de palangre derivante de superfície, a de maior impacto na conservação de tartarugas marinhas que ocorrem na RAA. No que respeita aos recursos marinhos costeiros de interesse comercial a informação existente resume-se a estudos pontuais, o que levanta alguma incerteza relativamente à eficácia das medidas de gestão implementadas para algumas pescarias. Esta lacuna no conhecimento levou a administração regional, em 2019, a iniciar o financiamento um novo programa de monitorização de recursos costeiros e avaliação do seu estado de conservação (MoniCo), para assim, de forma consciente, impor medidas que permitam a sustentabilidade destas pescarias. A estes programas de monitorização acrescem-se os trabalhos que têm sido desenvolvidos ao nível da caracterização socioeconómica do ativo da pesca bem como do bem-estar financeiro dos mesmos. ; ABSTRACT: Fisheries management in the Autonomous Region of the Azores (RAA) is based on the Common Fisheries Policy (PCP, Regulation (EU) 1380/2013, 11 December), which should meet the requirements of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (DQEM, Directive No. 2008/56 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, 17 June) and be aligned with the United Nations' sustainable development objectives, namely # 14. The European Union (EU), through these diplomas, requires member states to implement efficient management measures that ensure the social, economic and environmental sustainability of extractive activities, including the regular monitoring of exploited resources and their habitats. Accordingly, the EU has introduced a framework for fisheries data collection and management (Regulation (EU) 2017/1004, 17 May) whose main objective is to ensure the data collection, by all member states, which will later be made available and used for fisheries management purposes. Monitoring of fishing activity also expressed in art. 15 of the PCP, which ban the discards. This represents a fundamental shift in the European fisheries management system when compared with the previous regulation, which allows monitoring of all catch components and not only the landings. A specific management regime for access to deep-sea fishing also been implemented by the EU (Regulation (EU) 2016/2336, 14 December) and provides, among other constraints, minimum coverage for deep-sea fishing operations. The sustainability of regional fisheries and the guarantee of a good environmental status is a clear requirement of the EU, which involves efficient fisheries management measures based on information obtained under systematic fisheries resource and marine habitats monitoring programs. In fact, the strategic decisions to be taken in the management of marine resources must be based on solid and well-founded scientific knowledge concerning the level of exploitation that stocks can support, and also taking into account the potential effects that other pressures may have on them. Aware of the obligations imposed and the needs for fisheries data collection, the regional administration guarantees the execution of the Azores Data Collection Framework (DCF) and support several monitoring programs in close collaboration with the Department of Oceanography and Fisheries at the University of the Azores. Some of these programs have a considerable time series of data, such as the annual demersal campaign (ARQDAÇO) for estimating abundance of demersal resources and the Azores Fisheries Observer Program (POPA) for data collection from the regional fisheries, with special attention to pole-and-line tuna fishery. In addition to these monitoring programs, COSTA (COnsolidating Sea Turtle conservation in the Azores) in partnership with international institutions, foresees the data collection in the surface longline fishery, which has the greatest impact on the conservation of sea turtles that occur in the RAA. With regard to coastal marine resources of commercial interest, the existing information is limited to specific studies, which raises some uncertainty concerning the effectiveness of the management measures implemented for some fisheries. This knowledge gap led the regional administration, in 2019, to support a new monitoring program for coastal resources (MoniCo) that will help to assess their conservation status and thus impose more consciously measures that allow the sustainability of these fisheries. In addition to these monitoring programs, work has been carried out on the socioeconomic characterization of the fishing asset as well as their financial well-being. ; Azores Regional Government - Regional Directorate for Fisheries. Regional Directorate for Fisheries supports for better management, among other programs and projects: POPA, COSTA, CONDOR, ARQDAÇO, PNRD and the, recently created, MONICO - Monitoring Program for Coastal Resources. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
This paper reviews governance and public governance related to an emerging area of policy interest – social innovation. The European Commission's White Paper on European Governance (2001) focused on openness, participation, accountability, effectiveness and coherence in public policy as characteristics of good governance. The EC has prioritised social innovation to address policy problems. Yet, the extant literature and research on social innovation is sparse. The paper questions whether it is a new mode of governance which contributes to good governance or a continuum of neoliberal reforms of the state which alters the relationship between the state, market and civil society.
In: New media & society: an international and interdisciplinary forum for the examination of the social dynamics of media and information change, Volume 15, Issue 5, p. 720-736
The governance of the Internet provides one of the most important arenas in which new ideas regarding Internet studies can be applied and tested. This paper critiques the prevailing conceptualization of Internet governance. The label is routinely applied to the study of a few formal global institutions with limited or no impact on governance, but not to studies of the many activities that actually shape and regulate the use and evolution of the Internet, such as Internet service provider interconnection, security incident response or content filtering. Consequently, current conceptualizations of Internet governance inflate the presence and influence of state actors. Furthermore, they undermine efforts to understand how large-scale distributed systems in the global economy can be governed in the absence of formalized international regimes. We conclude by discussing how concepts of networked governance can be applied and extended to illuminate the study of Internet governance.
Corporate governance (CG) needs to acknowledge the intentional part of governance, where an actor of governance uses the set of corporate governance mechanisms in order to influence the agent to create a performance that will satisfy the interest of the principal. This paper offers a conception of this activity through the concept of governance strategy. The concept is derived within the context of agency theory and applied to two empirical organisations seldom investigated in CG research: the organisation of a riding school in a democratic not-for-profit association and the organisation of multinational corporations in a business group. ; The project is financed by The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation. An earlier version was presented at the Academy of Management Conference, Atlanta. Georgia, August 11-16, 2006. The paper has benefited from comments by Elin Smith, Kristianstad University.
Our nation has the longest written constitution but the implementation of the Local Governance has been transferred and their efficiency has properly monitored or rectified by the state and central government. This is conceptual research has been done in the implementation process. This research mainly focused on quality of life. The Lack of Implementation process is connected with resource exploitation. Resource exploitation has two type's human resource exploitation and natural resource exploitation. The directly three systems are connected with sustainable development but overall development left without because of bureaucratic, social leaders, and Knowledgeable people this research is not critical research but this research has a starting point for many reformations. This concept has defined implementation process is not based on rule of law it should be considered by social issues and clearly instructing for the proper implementation process and reduce the level exploitation and monitoring the unethical professionals and their rectification processing time will be less. This concept has separated no proper implementation process and improper implementation and analyzing the important factors for the proper implementation process. The factors like misuse of power and inefficiency should not affect the proper implementation process. The result of the lack of implementation process is organized resource exploitation. This plan will reduce the worst handling of decentralization process may be a strong reason for the lack of implementation process will directly connect with the organized resource exploitation. This research focusing on the efficiency and equity of the governance strongly insisted people should train by the local governance free from favoritism, partial's and nepotism, thisplanhas look into transforming the local governance. It will solve prolonging and procrastination in their issues It will reduce the organized crime result of lack of implementation process. Identify the exploiter or victim. ...
Purpose Growing social concerns and ecological issues accelerate firms' environmental, social and governance (ESG) engagement. Hence, this study aims to advance the existing literature by focusing on the interplay between institutional and firm governance mechanisms for greater ESG engagement. More specifically, the authors investigate whether public governance stimulates excessive ESG engagement and whether corporate governance moderates this relationship.
Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 43,803 firm-year observations affiliated with 41 countries and 9 industries, the authors adopt a country, industry and year fixed-effects regression analysis.
Findings The authors find that public governance strength via its six dimensions stimulates excessive ESG engagement. This implies that firms in countries with strong voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption are more motivated for ESG engagement. Furthermore, corporate governance negatively moderates the relationship between all public governance dimensions (except political stability) and excessive ESG engagement. This implies that public governance and corporate governance are substitutes for encouraging firms to commit to ESG. Further tests reveal that whereas these results in the baseline analyses are valid for developed countries, they are not valid in emerging markets.
Research limitations/implications The findings support the interplay between institutional and agency theories. In countries with strong (weak) institutional mechanisms, corporate governance becomes weak (strong) in inciting greater stakeholder engagement. This implies that the public governance mechanism alleviates agency costs, rendering internal mechanisms of corporate governance noncompulsory for ESG engagement.
Practical implications The findings suggest that emerging countries need to reinforce their institutions for greater accountability, regulatory quality and control of corruption, which will have a domino effect on firms in addressing stakeholder expectations. The results also advise emerging country firms to augment their internal monitoring mechanisms for greater stakeholder engagement, such as structuring boards and establishing corporate social responsibility mechanisms, committees and policies.
Originality/value This study contributes to the recent literature investigating the role of corporate governance mechanisms in excessive ESG engagement. The study also explores whether public governance is associated with greater ESG involvement and provides a comprehensive analysis of the association between six indicators of public governance quality and excessive ESG practices in developed and emerging economies.
This article examines how modes of governance are reconfigured as a result of using algorithms in the governance process. We argue that deploying algorithmic systems creates a shift toward a special form of design-based governance, with power exercised ex ante via choice architectures defined through protocols, requiring lower levels of commitment from governing actors. We use governance of three policy problems – speeding, disinformation, and social sharing – to illustrate what happens when algorithms are deployed to enable coordination in modes of hierarchical governance, self-governance, and co-governance. Our analysis shows that algorithms increase efficiency while decreasing the space for governing actors' discretion. Furthermore, we compare the effects of algorithms in each of these cases and explore sources of convergence and divergence between the governance modes. We suggest design-based governance modes that rely on algorithmic systems might be re-conceptualized as algorithmic governance to account for the prevalence of algorithms and the significance of their effects.
