Peut-on catéchiser la Révolution ? (1789-1848)

Abstract

International audience ; During the 18th century, catechisms used to teach Christian dogma were progressively secularized. These elementary books can be seen as practical books easy to spread among the lower classes (or the children) in order to popularize a science. French Revolution led to a politicization of the catechetical pedagogy. Political catechisms, defined as the summaries of a political doctrine main principles, were widely used in 19th century France for political education. These books inherited traditional Christian catechesis the word "catechism" as a title and the fact that this literature is generally found in the form of questions and answers. In this article we will try to understand the choice of a traditional pedagogy to spread a revolutionary political message. The use of a classical pedagogy in order to regenerate the People, as wanted the elites since 1789, could be considered as an apparent contradiction. We will see, in particular, that catechism became an official pedagogy during the "Directoire". Transmitted by 1830's republican societies, memory of revolutionary catechisms appeared again in 1848, when political education of the men from the lower classes became an emergency. They were indeed new electors in the context of the common suffrage. ; Pendant le XVIIIe siècle, la production des catéchismes destinés à transmettre le dogme chrétien a connu une progressive laïcisation. Ces ouvrages élémentaires sont considérés comme des livres pratiques de vulgarisation destinés à un public enfantin et / ou populaire. La période révolutionnaire conduit à une politisation de la pédagogie catéchistique. Se développent alors rapidement des ouvrages où sont résumés les éléments fondamentaux d'une doctrine politique. Ils empruntent à la catéchèse chrétienne le titre de catéchisme et la forme d'une succession de questions et de réponses. Nous nous interrogerons dans cet article sur le choix de cette pédagogie traditionnelle pour faire passer un message politique révolutionnaire. Il existe une ...