Les peuples autochtones aux Nations unies : un nouvel acteur dans la fabrique des normes internationales

Abstract

Dans le titre de l'article, l'expression "peuples autochtones" est mise en italique pour signaler son usage comme catégorie, communément pluralisée ; International audience ; Indigenous Peoples in the United Nations : A New Actor in the Fabrication of International Norms This article examines the manner in which representatives of indigenous peoples use the platform of the United Nations and an international movement in ninety countries to construct the principles upon which they may be recognized as collective, rights bearing subjects. In 2007, this movement – largely unstructured but effective in terms of strategic alliances – successfully established a legal instrument at the level of the international community : the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. In order to be moral and because they can have political, financial and legal consequences, these measures are capable of giving rise to significant transformations in the fields of politics, governance and autonomy. The need to participate in the activities of the United Nations allowed the formation of a collective native « us », structured a space for demands that went beyond the institution and related it to the field of human rights in other areas of public policy. By contributing to the fabrication of norms, this multi-headed policy actor furnished itself with a collective voice on the international scene capable of resolving the tensions inherent to spatial dispersion, linguistic fragmentation and political atomization. As an international entity, it raises a number of questions regarding locally observed discrepancies, modes of identification, state classifications and political and economic experiences. ; Cet article montre comment les représentants des peuples autochtones construisent les principes d'une reconnaissance comme sujets collectifs de droits, depuis la scène des Nations unies et sur la base d'un mouvement international dans 90 pays. Faiblement structuré mais efficace en termes d'alliances stratégiques, ce mouvement a obtenu en ...