La transformation du Sillon (1894-1910) en parti politique : modèle explicatif général et application

Abstract

The Sillon (1894-1910), from a social movement to a party: analysis model and application Against both macro-sociological analyses of social movements transformation into parties and descriptive case studies that are not transposable, our objective is to build a model to explain all the cases. Contrary to general theoretical perspectives, this model proposes an exhaustive but consistent pattern of all the features we have to study to explain the transformation of a social movement into an electoral enterprise. This combination of all the potential causes consists in strategic dimensions (political, practical, symbolic and personal objectives), cognitive features (producing and structuring of beliefs implied from the objectives) and context (political and cultural possibilities and incentives). The application of the model is based on a dynamic analysis of the transformation that is first evoked, then decided and finally achieved. Through this model we study the Sillon, a movement of young republican French Catholics. The results show the objectives assigned by the movement to its transformation strategy, which are bounded to the interaction between cognitive processes and the environment, which produce the perception Sillonists have of the political and religious context. ; En rupture avec les analyses macro-sociologiques de la transformation de mouvements sociaux en partis politiques, comme avec les études de cas descriptives non transposables, notre objectif est de proposer un modèle explicatif de la transformation de ces mouvements qui soit utilisable de cas en cas. Refusant les perspectives théoriques générales, ce modèle propose une grille exhaustive et cohérente des dimensions à mesurer et à articuler afin de produire une explication rigoureuse de la transformation d'une organisation de mouvement social en entreprise électorale. Cette configuration des causes possibles combine les dimensions stratégiques (objectifs politiques, pratiques, symboliques et personnels), cognitives (production et articulation ...