Essays on the New Political Economy of Reforms ; Essais sur la nouvelle économie politique de la réforme

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to show the importance of three determinants in the status quo process. Therefore, we have a better understanding of economics and politics reforms. We develop new tools to for a better dialogs between social actors. Why some reforms are accepted whereas others are refused? This question is in the heart of the political action and the basis of our works. To determine the process of acceptation or refusal of reforms we have used the works of the New Political Economy of Reforms. We distinguish three keys-elements. The first element is the economic crisis. It changes the political, economical and social environment: agents must adapt their behaviours and to reform. However, lots of critics have arisen: the most difficult problem is the question of the crisis intensity. We present a new analytical model. Our purpose is to clarify the role of economic crisis. The second element is the impact of institutions in the reforms process. More exactly, we study the institutional coherence which exists between formal and informal institutions. The notion of coherence is fundamental to understand why the institution framework could be a help or an obstacle to reform. We present an analytical model to show the importance of institutional coherence in the acceptation process. The Third element is the individual behaviour in the reform process. We approach this question by the level of public support. We survey the reforms in the nineteen's in the World and we present an econometrical study. The goal is to understand the individual determinants of support in the Countries of Eastern and Central Europe during the transition in the nineteen's. We show the importance of the profession in the individual choices. ; Ce travail met en évidence trois déterminants qui donnent une compréhension fine et approfondie des phénomènes de blocages sociaux et des échecs de nombreuses réformes. Ceci offre des outils neufs aux différents acteurs influents dans le processus de réforme en vue d'améliorer et faciliter le ...