RESILIENCY OF THE BAKA TO SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES (CAMEROON) ; Titre : RESILIENCE DES BAKA FACE AUX MUTATIONS SOCIO ENVIRONNEMENTALES (CAMEROUN)

Abstract

This thesis proposes a thorough analysis of the resilience of socio-environmental in two communities of hunter / gatherers, Baka of Cameroon. These communities formerly nomadic lived in the forest where they drew most of their life and survival. Today they have been displaced from their ancestral lands for the sake of creating protected areas, agro-industrial, forestry and execution of major mining projects, these communities are more than ever in touch Standing with "big black" or Bantu largely influence their lifestyle (hunting, gathering and fishing) and often determine their future. To cope with these changes, the government of Cameroon and national and international organizations through extensive programs accompany gradually Baka to rebuild a new life that incorporates the requirements of "modernity." Despite this support, these people are still under the influence of scourges such as alcoholism, disease, malnutrition, marginalization, in schooling, non-recognition of their rights, etc… How do they cope with the changes occurring in their lives? The thesis aims to identify the different mutations, to describe and analyze the strategies established by the Baka to adapt. Some mutations may appear on the surface without question a fundamental attachment to the forest and some ancestral values. However, different exogenous pressures (such as settlement, globalization) and endogenous (such as attitude of individuals, transmission) which determine the degree of progress of the various mutations should not be underestimated, as they are a threat to development. ; Cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la résilience des mutations socio-environnementales au sein d'une communauté de chasseurs/cueilleurs, les Baka du Cameroun. Cette communauté, jadis nomade habitait la forêt où elle tirait l'essentiel de sa vie et survie. Aujourd'hui qu'elle a été déplacée de ses terroirs ancestraux pour des raisons de création d'aires protégées, de complexes agro-industriels, d'exploitation forestière et d'exécution de ...