The Occupy movement within the framework of reemerged anarchism in the 21st century ; Le mouvement Occupy aux États-Unis dans le cadre de la réémergence de l'anarchisme au XXIe siècle

Abstract

In July 2007, the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States turned into a financial crisis that in a few months had an impact on the world economy. During the following years, various protest social movements emerged one after the others. The U.S. thus witnessed the outbreak of a protest movement in the fall of 2011, the Occupy Wall Street movement. And, though anarchism seemed to be referring to an ideology over a hundred years old, embodying either a form of chaos or a kind of angelism, it was then connected to the nascent Occupy movement. This work proposes to study the special case of the Occupy movement within the framework of both the American anarchist movement and the various social movements of the early 21st century that can be defined as anti-neoliberal. Besides, the anarchist movement has re-emerged in the late 1990s on a global scale. It is possible to report a certain ideological continuity between 19th century anarchism, that witnessed the emergence of a major political movement, and that of the 21st century. This continuity will then be compared to numerous updates of the anarchist praxis since the beginning of the 21st century. This conception represents the main element allowing a definition of what was called neo-anarchism. It is thereby by means of these updates of the anarchist practices that the organization of the Occupy movement will be studied, while being careful to place it within its specific social, political and economic context in the year 2011. ; En juillet 2007, la crise des subprimes aux États-Unis se transforme en une crise financière qui va impacter toute l'économie mondiale en l'espace de quelques mois. Au cours des années suivantes, de nombreux mouvements sociaux contestataires vont alors émerger les uns après les autres. Les États-Unis verront ainsi l'apparition d'un mouvement de contestation à l'automne 2011, le mouvement Occupy Wall Street. Et, tandis que l'anarchisme semblait faire référence à une idéologie vieille de plus d'un siècle, représentant soit une forme de ...