Analysis of the modified optical properties and band structure of GaAs 1-xSb x-capped InAs/GaAs quantum dots

Abstract

The origin of the modified optical properties of InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QD) capped with a thin GaAs 1-xSb x layer is analyzed in terms of the band structure. To do so, the size, shape, and composition of the QDs and capping layer are determined through cross-sectional scanning tunnelling microscopy and used as input parameters in an 8 × 8 k·p model. As the Sb content is increased, there are two competing effects determining carrier confinement and the oscillator strength: the increased QD height and reduced strain on one side and the reduced QD-capping layer valence band offset on the other. Nevertheless, the observed evolution of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity with Sb cannot be explained in terms of the oscillator strength between ground states, which decreases dramatically for Sb > 16%, where the band alignment becomes type II with the hole wavefunction localized outside the QD in the capping layer. Contrary to this behaviour, the PL intensity in the type II QDs is similar (at 15 K) or even larger (at room temperature) than in the type I Sb-free reference QDs. This indicates that the PL efficiency is dominated by carrier dynamics, which is altered by the presence of the GaAsSb capping layer. In particular, the presence of Sb leads to an enhanced PL thermal stability. From the comparison between the activation energies for thermal quenching of the PL and the modelled band structure, the main carrier escape mechanisms are suggested. In standard GaAs-capped QDs, escape of both electrons and holes to the GaAs barrier is the main PL quenching mechanism. For small-moderate Sb (16) for which the type I band alignment is kept, electrons escape to the GaAs barrier and holes escape to the GaAsSb capping layer, where redistribution and retraping processes can take place. For Sb contents above 16% (type-II region), holes remain in the GaAsSb layer and the escape of electrons from the QD to the GaAs barrier is most likely the dominant PL quenching mechanism. This means that electrons and holes behave dynamically as uncorrelated pairs in both the type-I and type-II structures. © 2012 American Institute of Physics. ; This work has been supported by the Comunidad de Madrid through the project "Q&C Light" (P2009/ESP-1503) and "Nanophotonic devices for optical communications" (CCG10-UPM/TIC-4932), by the European Union through the SANDiE Network of Excellence (Contract No. NMP4-CT-2004-500101), by STW-VICI Grant No. 6631 and by contracts TEC2008-06756-C03-01 and TEC2011-29120-C05-04. J. M. Ulloa would like to thank the support of the Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación" through the "Ramón y Cajal" program. ; Peer Reviewed