ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ГЕНДЕРНОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ РОССИИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ «ПОКОЛЕНИЙ» ПРАВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Abstract

В статье на основе анализа генезиса «поколений» прав человека в истории философской мысли выявляются некоторые проблемы теоретического обоснования и практической реализации гендерной стратегии, как в мире, так и в Российской Федерации на современном этапе, рассматриваются отдельные аспекты деятельности государства в предотвращении дискриминации по половому признаку. ; As a rule, four generations of human rights are allocated nowadays. Traditionally it is admitted that the first generation of human rights is civil and political rights as well, won as a result of bourgeois revolutions in Europe and America. The second generation is social and economic human rights as well. It was composed in the XIX century during the fight for improvement of an economic situation. The third generation of human rights began to be formed after World War II. According to many researchers, they are considered as collective rights. This right is the right for the world, for national self-determination, for healthy environment, for freedom from a gender, age or nationality discrimination. Women's rights are also among human rights of the third generation. The fourth generation of human rights started to be formed in the 1990th years of the XX century. This right is the right for the world, for nuclear safety, space, ecological, information rights, etc. The problems of gender equality and fight for the women's rights against gender discrimination always accompanied the history of human society, and the doctrine development about human rights. However, nowadays this problem is very sharp. Social discrimination of women means restriction or deprivation of their rights in all spheres of life: labor, social and economic, political, spiritual, family and household. The UN convention "About elimination of all forms of discrimination concerning women" (1979) accurately formulated a principle of men and women equality. These are guarantees of conditions for women: the education, equal payment for equal work, mutual responsibility of men and women for a family, education of children, and understanding of motherhood as social function. These provisions are reflected in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Acceptance of gender strategy as the direction of a state policy is caused by the necessity to solve difficult social and economic problems of a transition period in Russia that is connected with activization of all social forces, first of all women. It means inevitability of further increase of their role in society. The Gender Strategy of the Russian Federation is the fundamental document defining the government gender policy, its purposes, tasks and the principles, the directions and priorities for the average and long-term period. The Strategy is directed on coordination of efforts of legislative and executive power government bodies with all structures of civil society and, in particular, with the non-governmental organizations which activity is connected with implementation of social programs, prevention of gender discrimination, protection of human rights and families, motherhood, paternity and the childhood. Unfortunately, practical realization of gender strategy in Russia does not fully correspond to the theoretical provisions proclaimed in it. Therefore, in Russia women make more than a half of the population of the country. Nevertheless, they are obviously insufficiently presented in the government bodies. For example, the State Duma of the Russian Federation has only 13,6 % of women and the Russian Federation Council has only 8,4 % of women. Representation of women in government bodies is much better in Institute of Commissioners for Human Rights. The analysis shows that today the representation of women in Institute of Commissioners for Human Rights is rather high (more than 25 %) and it characterizes this institute as an example for imitation for other governmental bodies in Russia. At the same time, formation process of this important state human rights institute demands a further increase in women's representation and implementation of gender equality, but in our opinion, not due to artificial processing, but due to increase of women's activity in a human rights movement as a whole.