КИТАЙСКОЕ И ВЬЕТНАМСКОЕ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЕ КОНФУЦИАНСТВО: ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ И КАТЕГОРИИ

Abstract

В статье рассматриваются некоторые вопросы формирования базовых принципов учения Конфуция Мэн-цзы в китайском и вьетнамском средневековом обществе. На примере отдельных категорий конфуцианства показано, каким образом во Вьетнаме переосмысливалось морально-этическое содержание конфуцианства, складывалась новая система понятий, отличная от китайской. ; Confucianism began spreading in Vietnam due to Chinese military expansion, it gradually adapted to local conditions and acquired a dominant role in the ideological system of governance of the country, and it became one of the ideological sources of the Vietnamese philosophy and culture. The subjects of my study are basic principles of ethical the teachings of Confucius Mencius in China and Vietnam in the Middle Ages. To identify similarities and differences in the content of principles and categories of Chinese and Vietnamese Confucianism, I use a comparative analysis of Chinese and Vietnamese Confucian sources of 10-17 centuries, as well as contemporary Chinese and Vietnamese researches. In my article, I attempted to show how the medieval Vietnamese Confucianism rethought basic moral and ethical concepts of Chinese 'Three Principles and Five Constants' (especially Loyalty, Filial Piety, Obligation, Humaneness, and Rite) and formed a new paradigm that was significantly different from the previous one. I have shown, for Vietnamese, patriotism was the main moral values that define the process of perception of Confucianism, its assimilation and adaptation. In this sense, as long ago as the Middle Ages, Vietnamese Confucians interpreted homager's loyalty primarily in respect of the motherland, and only secondarily in respect to the ruler. In addition, I have shown there was some differences between Chinese and Vietnamese principles of filial piety and status of woman (permanent military threat contribute to some increase of freedom of Vietnamese women compared to Chinese ones). I conclude the priority of categories of patriotism in medieval Vietnam promoted Vietnamese Confucians' interests to the issues of loyalty, filial piety and a sense of duty. This also resulted in almost total lack of interest to the problems of metaphysics in Vietnamese Confucianism.