ИСТОРИЯ КВЖД В КНИЖНЫХ ЗНАКАХ

Abstract

Статья посвящена истории распространения русской книжной культуры на территории Китайской Восточной железной дороги. В основе исследования коллекция книг «Из библиотек КВЖД» редкого фонда Забайкальской краевой универсальной научной библиотеки им. А.С. Пушкина. С помощью многочисленных книжных знаков, признаков принадлежности различным общественный и ведомственным библиотекам: штампов, печатей, экслибрисов прослеживается процесс распространения русского печатного слова в Харбине: отпервыхтипографий, издательств, библиотек до книжнойторговли. ; The construction and exploitation of the Chinese Eastern Railway (ChER) is an important event in the history of Russian and Chinese relations. As a result, unique phenomenon of Russian culture appeared there in the foreign land. Russian emigration managed to keep national traditions in spite of extreme conditions of living abroad. At that time the role of books in their spiritual world was great. A lot of marks on the books from the Harbin libraries are a striking illustration of extensive spreading and using Russian literature in Manchuria. Stamps, seals, library labels of numerous holders help to observe the whole Russian book spreading process in China from the activities of printing and publishing houses, libraries to book-selling organizations. The Transbaikal regional library named after A.S. Pushkin is a holder of a large Harbin collection. The first attempts have been made to find the information about its real holders for the catalog «ChER history in Bookmarks». It appeared that book spreading in Manchuria began from the first reading-hall in old Harbin in 1897 as reminded the stamp «Public Library of Sungari Shops». In pre-revolutionary period Russian emigration organized about 15 public and special libraries in Harbin. The largest of them were considered to be the Railway Assembly and ChER Central libraries. Some stamps keep the memory about the first school, opened in 1898 in Old Harbin for Russian and Chinese children. Library label of the bookbinder's shop of an orphan asylum in Modyagou proves the fact that in Harbin there wasn't such a disgraceful phenomenon as child homelessness. In 1899 four new printing engines started Russian publications in New Harbin. Later on some printing and publishing houses formed their own editorial policy. There were issued a large number of serious works on history, economics, ethnography, agriculture and other disciplines, concerning Manchuria. The most part of scientific works of the Orientalist's Society and the Society of the Manchuria Region Study were printed in the largest printing house owned by ChER. A wide choice of literary production could be found in numerous bookstores. Usually their addresses were shown in the seals. I.T. Shchelokov was known as a monopolist in Harbin bookselling. The variety of book depended greatly on political views of the holder. In contrast to monarchist Shchelokov P.V. Rovensky was a socialist-revolutionary and used his bookstore for popularization ideas of his party. Some publishing house had own bookstores, binder's shops and libraries and offered various services to spread their publications. Special stamp marked books from the library of a town government institution, formed in 1908. It organized public services and amenities in Harbin. These simple book marks retrace the evolution of Russian book culture centers in the territory of China. There is a certain urgency to collect and keep these unique documents of the amazing culture land «Russian Harbin».