The Use of Geophysical Surface Methods for Military Groundwater Detection

Abstract

This report summarizes information developed from 1980-1983 on the use of surface-deployed geophysical methods for military groundwater detection. The literature surveys and field testing investigations conducted during this period indicate the following: (1) Electrical resistivity and seismic refraction are the two geophysical techniques with the greatest near-term potential for success; (2) complementary seismic refraction and electrical resistivity surveys generally can be used successfully for groundwater detection when the water table occurs in unconsolidated sediments and generally can not be used successfully for detection of groundwater in confined rock aquifers; (3) the most significant factors affecting the probability of detecting groundwater are complexity/previous knowledge of existing geological conditions, skill of operator/interpreter, depth of aquifer, and thickness aquifer; (4) rugged, reliable seismic refraction and electrical resistivity equipment is commercially available which would require very little adaption for military groundwater detection application; (5) interpretation of the field data is often a complex process requiring an individual with significant background and training in the survey techniques; (6) rugged field microcomputer systems are commercially available which are suitable for processing and aiding in the interpretation of survey data; (7) computer software exists for both seismic refraction and electrical resistivity, but it is only quasi user-friendly and requires expertise to make competent interpretations.