Republika Turska u svjetlu rezultata referenduma od 16. 04. 2017. – Povratak u prošlost stopama "izabranog sultana'' ; Republic of Turkey in Light of Referendum Results from 16. 04. 2017- Return to the Past in the Footsteps of the "Chosen Sultan"

Abstract

Ustavotvorni referendum održan 16. IV. 2017. g. donio je mnogo promjena u ustavnom uređenju Republike Turske. Izglasane ustavne promjene donose opasnost da ova država prijeđe put od ustavne demokracije do autokratske vladavine jednog čovjeka. Međutim, za bolje razumijevanje takvog zaokreta na turskoj političkoj sceni bit će potrebno uzeti u obzir povijesno nasljeđe koje u velikoj mjeri daje odlučujuće impulse trenutnom političkom uređenju zemlje. Upravo zbog toga, u ovom radu pozornost se posvećuje i povijesnom razvoju ustavnosti te države, uz naglašavanje svih onih čimbenika koji su u njemu igrali, ili još uvijek igraju, veliku ulogu. Tek uz ovakvo sagledavanje cjelokupne slike može se dati ocjena sadašnjeg stanja te razviti određena predodžba budućeg razvitka političkih odnosa u toj državi. Stoga se u prvom dijelu rada prikazuje razvoj ustavnosti Republike Turske te nakon toga slijedi ocjena trenutnog stanja i, posebice, mogućeg daljnjeg razvoja prema nedavno usvojenim ustavnim promjenama. Pri svemu tome uzima se u obzir i uloga najznačajnijih političkih, ali i ekstrapolitičkih čimbenika koji su oblikovali i usmjeravali ustavni razvoj turske države. ; The Constitutional referendum held 16.04. 2017. has brought many changes in the constitutional regulation of the Republic of Turkey. Elected constitutional changes have brought the danger that this country moves from the path of constitutional democracy to the autocratic rule of one person. However, to better understand this kind of change on the Turkish political scene, it will be necessary to take into consideration of the historical inheritance which to a large extent provides the decisive impulse to the current political regulation of the country. It is precisely because of this that this paper also focusses on the historical development of the constitutionality of this country together with emphasising all the factors which have played and are still playing a large role. Only with such consideration of the whole picture can an assessment of the situation today and certain assumptions about the future political development of relations in this country be made. Therefore, in the first part of this paper the development of the constitutionality of the Republic of Turkey is shown and after that there follows an assessment of the current situation, in particular, possible future developments according to the recently adopted constitutional changes. Above all, both the role of the most significant politicians is taken into account as well as the role of the extra political factors which have shaped and directed constitutional development of this country.