High adherence to the Western, Prudent, and Mediterranean dietary patterns and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma: MCC-Spain study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The influence of dietary habits on the development of gastric adenocarcinoma is not clear. The objective of the present study was to explore the association of three previously identified dietary patterns with gastric adenocarcinoma by sex, age, cancer site, and morphology. METHODS: MCC-Spain is a multicase-control study that included 295 incident cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 3040 controls. The association of the Western, Prudent, and Mediterranean dietary patterns-derived in another Spanish case-control study-with gastric adenocarcinoma was assessed using multivariable logistic regression models with random province-specific intercepts and considering a possible interaction with sex and age. Risk according to tumor site (cardia, non-cardia) and morphology (intestinal/diffuse) was evaluated using multinomial regression models. RESULTS: A high adherence to the Western pattern increased gastric adenocarcinoma risk [odds ratiofourth_vs._first_quartile (95% confidence interval), 2.09 (1.31; 3.33)] even at low levels [odds ratiosecond_vs._first_quartile (95% confidence interval), 1.63 (1.05; 2.52)]. High adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern could prevent gastric adenocarcinoma [odds ratiofourth_vs._first_quartile (95% confidence interval), 0.53 (0.34; 0.82)]. Although no significant heterogeneity of effects was observed, the harmful effect of the Western pattern was stronger among older participants and for non-cardia adenocarcinomas, whereas the protective effect of the Mediterranean pattern was only observed among younger participants and for non-cardia tumors. CONCLUSION: Decreasing the consumption of fatty and sugary products and of red and processed meat in favor of an increase in the intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, olive oil, nuts, and fish might prevent gastric adenocarcinoma. ; The study was supported by the "Acción Transversal del Cáncer," approved by the Spanish Ministry Council on 11 October 2007, by the Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III grants, co-funded by FEDER funds: a way to build Europe-PI08/1770 (to M. Kogevinas), PI09/0773 (to J. Llorca), PI09/1286 (to V. Martín), PI09/1903 (to R. Peiró), PI09/2078 (to F.J. Caballero), PI09/1662 (to J.J. Jiménez-Moleón), PI11/01403 (to N. Aragonés), and PI12/00150 (to B. Pérez-Gómez), by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla grant API 10/09 (to J. Llorca), by Catalan Government DURSI grant 2014SGR647 (to V. Moreno) and 2014SGR756 (to S. de Sanjose), by the Junta de Castilla y León Grant LE22A10-2 (to V. Martín), by the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía Grant 2009-S0143 (to J. Alguacil), by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana grant AP061/10 (to R. Peiró), by the Regional Government of the Basque Country, by the Consejería de Sanidad de la Región de Murcia, by the Fundación Caja de Ahorros de Asturias, by the University of Oviedo, by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation, and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Juan de la Cierva de Incorporación Grant IJCI-2014-20900 (to A. Castelló). None of the sponsors intervened in any stage of the research. ; Sí