ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ОБ'ЄКТА І ПРЕДМЕТА ЗЛОЧИНУ

Abstract

The author in this article analyses pre-socialism, socialism and current points of views towards object of crime. Object of crime is considered to be social relations guarded by criminal law, such concept is generally accepted. Personal point of view towards academic definition of object of crime is laid down on the basis of amplified grounds of the said concept. Also the author analyzes the aspects of subject of crime in the article. It is proposed to consider a subject of crime as optional element of a crime. In the article, the author analyzes the views of scientists who have studied the concept of the object of the crime. The concept of the object of the crime is recognized as justified, according to which the object of the crime is considered to be public relations protected by the criminal law. On the basis of the supplemented substantiation of the specified concept it is defined that the object of a crime is the most important public relations regulated by various social norms (rights, morals, local, customary), protected by norms of criminal law from concrete criminal encroachment, and which as a result of such criminal encroachment always causes significant damage. This significant damage to public relations is manifested in the form of deprivation or threat of deprivation of the subjects of relations to pursue their interests, meet their needs, benefit from any benefits. The article also analyzes the views of scholars in the field of criminal law, who expressed positions on the nature and concept of the subject of the crime. Based on the analysis of the views of scientists and based on the analysis of current criminal legislation of Ukraine, the author concludes that the subject of the crime can be considered not mandatory for all corpus delicti element, but mandatory only for one of the types of corpus delicti - substantive corpus delicti. The author argues that when the law on criminal liability indicates the subject of the crime, this corpus delicti should be recognized as substantive and without the presence in the specific case of the subject of the crime, the relevant corpus delicti will be absent. In addition, the author agrees with the conclusions that the criminal law provides certain types of information and energy features of the subject of the crime. Based on this conclusion, the author determines that the subject of the crime - an independent optional for all crimes, but necessary (mandatory) for the subject elements of the crime element of the crime, which can be any things, any information, any energy, which have a material expression, with the properties of which and with an indication of which the law on criminal liability connects the presence of a crime in the actions of a person. ; У статті автором, проводиться аналіз точок зору щодо поняття об'єкта злочину. Визнається обґрунтованою концепція об'єкта злочину, за якою об'єктом злочину вважаються охоронювані кримінальним законом суспільних відносин. На основі доповненого обґрунтування вказаної концепції викладається власна точка зору щодо загальнотеоретичного визначення поняття об'єкта злочину. Також в статті автором досліджується питання предмета злочину. Пропонується визнавати предмет злочину в якості необов'язкового для всіх злочинів елемента складу злочину.