Порушення «права на» комерційну таємницю та ноу-хау ; Нарушение «права на» коммерческую тайну и ноу-хау ; Violation of the «right to» commercial secrecy and know-how

Abstract

Стаття присвячена окремим проблемним питанням порушення «права на», а точніше «права доступу» до комерційної таємниці та ноу-хау, враховуючи фізичну природу «інформації як такої». Тому в статті термін «право на» комерційну таємницю та ноу-хау використовується як умовний. Зокрема, порушенням «права на» комерційну таємницю та ноу-хау є незаконні способи отримання цієї конфіденційної інформації, незаконне її розголошення та інші неправомірні дії, що призводять до порушення вказаного права. До незаконних способів отримання комерційної таємниці та ноу-хау відноситься проми­слове шпигунство, підкуп посадової особи (службовця), яка фактично контролює комер­ційну таємницю чи ноу-хау, незаконне проникнення в приміщення його власника, прослуховування засобів зв'язку, незаконне ознайомлення зі змістом кореспонденції, що містить комерційну таємницю чи ноу-хау тощо. ; Статья посвящена отдельным проблемным вопросам о нарушении «права на», а точнее «права доступа» к коммерческой тайне и ноу-хау, учитывая физическую природу «информации как таковой». Поэтому в статье термин «право на» коммерческую тайну и ноу-хау используется как условный. В частности, нарушением «права на» коммерческую тайну и ноу-хау являются незаконные способы получения данной конфиденциальной информации, незаконное ее разглашение и другие неправо­мерные действия, приводящие к нарушению указанного права. К незаконным спо­собам получения коммерческой тайны и ноу-хау относятся промышленный шпио­наж, подкуп должностного лица (служащего), которое фактически контролирует коммерческую тайну или ноу-хау, незаконное проникновение в помещение его собственника, прослушивание средств связи, незаконное ознакомление с содержа­нием корреспонденции, содержащей коммерческую тайну или ноу-хау и др. ; The article is devoted to separate problematic issues concerning the violation of the «right to», or rather, the «right of access» to commercial secrets and know-how, taking into ac­count the physical nature of «information as such».At present, the legal doctrine has developed two approaches to understanding the «right to» information. As for the first approach, the «right to» information is regarded as a subjective right. According to the second approach, the subjective right to information (confidential information) does not exist, and the term «right to» information is used only as conditional, since in reality it is a «right of access» to information (confidential information).The author comes from the position that the information is a message containing (in itself) the information, and for familiarization with them is not assigned the exclusive right, and especially the «property right», then, accordingly, there is no subjective right. Therefore, the term «right to» information (confidential information in the form of commercial secrets and know-how) is not an exact scientific formulation. More pre­cise scientific formulation, which more adequately reflects its essence, is the term «right of access» to information (confidential information in the form of commercial se­crets and know-how). Therefore, in the article the term «right to» commercial secret and know-how is used as conditional.The violation of the «right of access» to commercial secrets and know-how in gener­al and in the field of pharmacy, in particular, are illegal ways of obtaining such confi­dential information (commercial secrets and know-how), unlawful disclosure and other unlawful actions that violate the said right.Unlawful ways to obtain commercial secrecy and know-how include industrial es­pionage, bribery of an official (employee) who actually controls commercial secrets or know-how, unlawful penetration into the premises of his owner, listening to commu­nications, illicit acquaintance with the content of correspondence, containing commer­cial secrets or know-how, etc.Also, the commercial secret (know-how), is one way to protect against unfair competi­tion and is carried out in accordance with Art. 10bis («Unfair competition») and Art. 10ter («Trademarks, trade names, false indications, unfair competition, remedies, the right to go to court») of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. The na­tional legislation on unfair competition does not, as such, fulfill the function of protecting «rights», but rather the law-protected interests of a person who is in fact controlling com­mercial secrets or know-how, but gives way to general civil law. The main feature of the rules of such legislation is its legal and protective nature.So we can say that the protection of commercial secrets (know-how) is carried out in the framework of the fight against unfair competition, provided by article 10bis of the Paris Convention. Also, according to Art. 10ter in the process of ensuring effective protection against unfair competition, the participating countries undertake to pro­vide such nationals of other countries of the Union with the following protection: nat­ural and legal persons lawfully controlling confidential information shall be entitled to prevent the disclosure, receipt or use of such information without their consent other persons, if the latter have done so in ways that are contrary to honest commer­cial practice. In the notion of a method that is contrary to honest commercial practice, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (hereinafter referred to as the TRIPS Agreement) invests in breach of contract, breach of trust, in­citement to violation; the acquisition of closed information by third parties who knew or committed gross negligence without knowing that actions that contradict honest trading practices were allowed in the process of such acquisition.It can be stated that the TRIPS Agreement was the first time at the international level to identify the notions of protecting undisclosed information (commercial se­crets) as a means of information protection, the use of which is legally controlled by a legal entity. In general, in the past, many countries have addressed the issues of pro­tecting trade secrets or know-how no matter other than the issues of secrecy or indus­trial property protection. In order to meet the signs of the TRIPS Agreement, WTO member countries will have to protect all commercially valuable secrets.