LEGAL MECHANISM OF STATE REGULATION IN THE FIELD OF NUCLEAR ENERGY USE ; ПРАВОВИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ У СФЕРІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЯДЕРНОЇ ЕНЕРГІЇ

Abstract

Problem setting. The pace of reforms in Ukraine affects all state institutions through systemic changes in state regulation mechanisms. In terms of scope and content, the mechanisms of state regulation lead to profound social transformations, which allow us to assert that Ukraine is undergoing a new stage of qualitative changes that can produce other social practices, including in the field of nuclear energy. The responsibility for the successful implementation of these reforms is exacerbated by the fact that they occur against the background of the obvious crisis of the world order, systemic internal and external challenges - the need to counter hybrid terrorist threats to territorial integrity and sovereignty, economic and man-made society. which leads to a focus on profitable economic activity and disrupts the natural course of social development. Under the outlined conditions, the development of the nuclear industry is impossible without the effective application of methods of state regulation that fully take into account its features and specifics, which will comprehensively and timely ensure nuclear and radiation safety. In this regard, the existing regulatory framework, which is a hierarchical system of legal norms, becomes a priority for Ukraine in the development of the legal mechanism of state regulation of the safe use of nuclear energy. Therefore, the scientific search for existing ways to improve, as well as conceptualize and implement new for Ukraine mechanisms of state regulation in the field of nuclear energy, consistent with the approaches of the European Union (EU) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), become especially relevant and important. A special place in this process is occupied by the legal mechanism of state regulation in the field of nuclear energy use in Ukraine. Recent research and publications analysis. It should be noted that issues related to the study of management mechanisms in recent decades are in the field of scientific interests of many scientists, such as V. Averyanov, G. Atamanchuk, V. Afanasyev, V. Bakumenko, E. Grigonis, L. Grigoryan. , N. Yesypchuk, V. Knyazev, M. Koretsky, O. Korotych, M. Kruglov, P. Nadolishny, N. Nyzhnyk, O. Obolensky, G. Odintsova, Y. Tikhomirov, L. Yuzkov and a number of other scientists. However, despite the applicability of this definition, approaches, content and structure are interpreted differently: there is both identification with the mechanism of the state, economic or economic mechanism, and the opposition of the essence of the concept. A significant contribution to the development of certain legal aspects of the problem under study was made by legal scholars, in particular: H. Balyuk researched the formation and formation of nuclear law in Ukraine and conceptual and legal "reforms" in the field of ecology in Ukraine and modern challenges; S. Yershova researched legal regulation of economic relations (relations) of nuclear power plants of Ukraine; S. Plachkova studied the state regulation of nuclear and radiation safety in Ukraine. Analysis of recent research and publications shows that government regulation in the field of nuclear energy has been studied in part, from different scientific points of view. The paper objective – to carry out analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the legal mechanism of state regulation of safe use of nuclear energy and identify factors that contribute to improving the efficiency of the process of targeted state influence in this area. Main material. State regulation in the field of nuclear energy can be defined as supporting and regulatory activities of the state, implemented on the basis of theoretical and methodological principles (doctrines, concepts, values, principles, guidelines, goals, objectives) through a system of organized, targeted, comprehensive actions (measures) and mechanisms for achieving them (means, methods, levers and tools of influence) and aimed at creating favorable conditions and environment for nuclear and radiation safety, human protection from radiation, through the priority of banning certain activities and state supervision in the field of use nuclear energy. Development and legal consolidation of norms and rules of relations of subjects of state regulation in the field of nuclear energy use, establishment of requirements to forms of legal regulation, gives to state regulation internal coherence which is provided by timeliness of their acceptance and application, completeness and stability. Direct influence is exercised through instruments of administrative and legal nature, which regulate the activities of the executive body. the functional sphere of state regulation in the field of nuclear energy use is manifested through the process of purposeful influence on facilities that are not necessarily subordinated to the relevant executive body. Accordingly, state regulation in the field of nuclear energy use is a dynamic process of state influence on facilities operating in the field of nuclear energy use and providing technical support to the executive branch. Conclusions of the research. The study found that government regulation in the field of nuclear energy is aimed at protecting life, health, property, length protection, as well as establishing ways to organize the organization of activities, licensing rules, location of activities and provision of services. In other words, state regulation in the use of nuclear energy involves organized systemic actions to ensure sustainable and balanced functioning of the economic, environmental, social subsystem, aimed at ensuring nuclear and radiation safety of the population and the environment. Approaches to understanding the essence of state regulation determine the ways of organizing relations between the state and the subjects of activity, the choice of which is based on the specifics of the sphere and the goals of the state that are implemented. ; У статті представлено теоретико-методологічний аналіз правового механізму державного регулювання у сфері використання ядерної енергії. Обґрунтовано, що в основі державного регулювання у сфері використання ядерної енергії є процес цілеспрямованого державного впливу, а саме: організуючі, регулюючі та контролюючі дії органу, що забезпечує ядерну та радіаційну безпеку. Пропонується вдосконалення й імплементація правового механізму державного регулювання у сфері використання ядерної енергії в Україні співвідносно до підходів Європейського Союзу (ЄС) та Міжнародного агентства з ядерної енергії (МАГАТЕ). Окреслено проблеми та питання подальших наукових розвідок.Ключові слова: державне регулювання; правовий механізм; ядерна енергія.