Чинники формування мінімально-переможних урядів у країнах Центральної Європи ; Factors of Minimum-Winning coalition government formation of Central European countries. ; Факторы формирования минимально-победных правительств в странах Центральной Европы

Abstract

Надано огляд теорії мінімально-переможних коаліційних урядів. Вивчено історію формування мінімально-переможних урядів у країнах Центральної Європи, їх склад та завершення діяльності.Проаналізовано мінімально-переможні уряди з домінуючою партією і уряди, які носять врівноважений характер. Визначено вплив ідеологічного і прагматичного чинників у процесі формування мінімально-переможних урядів. Розраховано індекс урядової стабільності мінімально-переможних урядів у вище зазначених країнах. ; This study is comparative exploration of minimum-winning coalition governments in Central European countries. The principal objective of this article is 1. to provide a general overview of the essence of minimumwinning coalition governments 2. to show the short history of formation and termination minimum-winning coalition governments since. 2. to make classification of Central European governments and define the prevailing type of cabinets. 3. Define the minimum-winning governments with dominant party and equal parties. 4. To define and to evaluate index of government stability.Minimum-Winning Coalition includes only those parties needed to obtain a majority position, coalition Considerations of the motivations of the gaming actors to form coalition governments divide spatial models in two main groups, those assuming that the political parties are concerned above everything else with gettinginto the office (or office-seeking politicians), and those assuming that thefundamental motivation of political parties to come into power is to implementcertain public policies (or policy-seeking politicians).According to the first approach politicians will say and do everything that will bring them into power.According the second approach politicians must to implement their program into life. On the first approach is based minimum-winninf coalition.Minimum Winning Coalition includes only those parties needed to obtain a majority position, a MNC consists of the minimal number of parties that can form a majority government.Mainly minimal winning coalitions in Central European countries were based on cooperation of ideologically distant political parties. However ideological part of motivation to form coalitions was not excluded.The division construction of minimum-winning coalitions governments based on the assumption of presence of one dominant party that is evident in such countries as Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary, where one party considerably prevails other partners of governing coalition. In this model the party force that is expressed in an amount of mandates obtained on parliamentary elections. Only in Slovakia the participants of minimumwinning coalitions had equal coalition, when political parties have approximately identical amount of deputies.The index of government stability for minimum-winning coalition governments was evaluated for Czech Republic 100%. It is the highest index of government stability among minimum-winning governments in all Central Europe. The lowest index has the cabinet of I. Radicova in Slovakia with 31% of stability and cabinet of J. Kachynski with 35% of stability ; Предоставлен обзор теории минимально-победных коалиционных правительств. Изучена история формирования минимально-победных правительств в странах Центральной Европы, их состав и завершение деятельности. Проанализированы минимально-победные правительства с доминирующей партией и правительства, которые носят уравновешенный характер. Определенно влияние идеологического и прагматичного факторов в процессе формирования минимально-победных правительств. Рассчитано индекс правительственной стабильности минимально-победных правительств в выше отмеченных странах