Some historical aspects of greening and beautification of Kyiv ; Історичні особливості озеленення та благоустрою міста Києва

Abstract

The system of greening of Kyiv has been formed for centuries and constantly transformed in different historical periods. The article considers the main stages of formation of the system of greenery and indicators of providing green areas to residents in different historical periods of formation of the city. The aim of the research was to analyze the evolutionary development of the greenery system and beatification in Kyiv. The authors analyze the archival and historical literature data on the development of various historical and urban stages of Kyiv, including archival documents of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, the State Archives of Kyiv, and reports of the Garden commission of Kyiv. In addition, the article presents a range of plants, which were represented in plantations of general use in different periods of urban planning. The authors study the chronology of the development of greenery system in terms of legislative documents and legally responsible bodies. The first documentary mention of the allocation of state expenditures for beatification of the city dates back to July 15, 1754 and is represented by the Senate Decree on the obligation of the Kyiv magistrate to allocate funds from city revenues for the city of Kyiv. The research has revealed that in 1987 the range of plants in urban landscaping numbered 56 tree species, and in 1997 it approximated 185 species, which is almost 3 times more. We have also determined that for the period from 1970 to 2018 in 1991 the highest indicator of the level of provision of green areas of general purpose of the inhabitants in Kyiv was recorded and amounted to 25 m2 per 1 inhabitant. Five periods of the development of the system of greenery and beautification of Kyiv have been singled out. Thus, retrospective analysis of the greenery system and beatification of Kyiv will allow landscape industry specialists to form conceptual solutions for urban green spaces, taking into account many years of experience in historical and urban planning solutions to ...