Special forms of criminal property confiscation ; Posebni oblici oduzimanja dobiti stečene kriminalom

Abstract

Confiscation has existed in the domestic legal system for more than half a century. Considering limitations in practical implementation of this principle, espe­cially in the context of fighting against organized crime, the domestic legislator has recently offered new solutions for 'criminal property' confiscation in the form of criminal property confiscation procedure regulated by a special law. In this sense, this paper ana­lyzes the specific characteristics of organized crime phenomena, which require a different approach compared to the standard solutions in this area, criticizing such solutions, as well as the state of the local law and practice that preceded the adoption of the above mentioned regulation. The author concludes that criminal property confiscation may be considered as a desirable instrument in the fight against organized crime, whereby we should be careful in creating the related normative and legal framework, thus avoiding numerous negative effects that may challenge its creators. He also points out the international element that has significant influence in the design and practical implementation of the national models. ; Oduzimanje imovinske koristi postoji već više od pola veka u domaćem pravnom sistemu. S obzirom na ograničene domete u praktičnoj primeni ovog instituta, a naročito u kontekstu borbe protiv organizovanog kriminala, domaći zakonodavac je nedavno ponudio nova rešenja za oduzimanje 'kriminalne imovine', u vidu instituta oduzimanja imovine stečene kriminalom, uređenog posebnim zakonom. U tom smislu, u radu se analiziraju specifičnosti pojave organizovanog kriminala koje zahtevaju drugačiji pristup u odnosu na standardna rešenja u ovoj oblasti, a zatim iznose kritike u vezi s takvim rešenjem, kao i stanje u domaćem pravu i praksi koje je prethodilo donošenju pomenutog propisa. Autor zaključuje da se oduzimanje kriminalne dobiti može smatrati poželjnim instrumentom u borbi protiv organizovanog kriminala, pri čemu treba biti pažljiv u stvaranju pripadajućeg normativno-pravnog okvira, kako bi se izbegle brojne negativnosti kojima mogu podleći njegovi kreatori. Takođe, ukazuje na međunarodni element koji ostvaruje značajan uticaj u kreiranju i praktičnoj primeni nacionalnih modela.