Change Detection Algorithm for the Production of Land Cover Change Maps over the European Union Countries

Abstract

Contemporary satellite Earth Observation systems provide growing amounts of very high spatial resolution data that can be used in various applications. An increasing number of sensors make it possible to monitor selected areas in great detail. However, in order to handle the volume of data, a high level of automation is required. The semi-automatic change detection methodology described in this paper was developed to annually update land cover maps prepared in the context of the Geoland2. The proposed algorithm was tailored to work with different very high spatial resolution images acquired over different European landscapes. The methodology is a fusion of various change detection methods ranging from: (1) layer arithmetic; (2) vegetation indices (NDVI) differentiating; (3) texture calculation; and methods based on (4) canonical correlation analysis (multivariate alteration detection (MAD)). User intervention during the production of the change map is limited to the selection of the input data, the size of initial segments and the threshold for texture classification (optionally). To achieve a high level of automation, statistical thresholds were applied in most of the processing steps. Tests showed an overall change recognition accuracy of 89%, and the change type classification methodology can accurately classify transitions between classes.