ПОРІВНЯЛЬН?Й АНАЛІЗ ДЕНДРОФЛОР? ПАРКІВ «КОМПЛЕКС М?РСЬК?Й ЗАМОК» ТА «АРХІТЕКТУРН?Й Ж?Л?Й І КУЛЬТУРН?Й КОМПЛЕКС РОДУ РАЗДЗ?ВІЛІВ» У МІСТІ НЕСВІЖ (БІЛОРУСЬ)

Abstract

Comparative analysis of dendroflora of the parks "mirsky castle complex" and "The Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex of the Radziwill Family at Nesvizh" (belarus)The parks "Myr" (park "Mirsky Castle Complex") and Nesvizhskyi (park "The Architectural and Cultural Complex of the Radziwill Family at Nesvizh") have the status of a botanical nature monument of national importance. They are outstanding representatives of the garden art in the region. Structural division of the parks has been formed historically. The park "Myr" consists of two parts: the "Italian garden" and the landscape park. At present, the territory of the "Italian garden" is presented mainly by plantations of autochthonous species of woody plants, an orchard area and a pond. The park Nesvizhskyi has 5 parts, namely: Old, Japanese, Castle, English and Marysin park.Development of the garden art started in Myr long before the parks in Nesvizh were built. In 1582, in Myr, behind the northern bank, the "Italian garden" was laid out by the order of Mykola Khrystofor Radziwill. Historical events left their mark not only on the exterior of the castle, but also on the condition of the planted vegetation. Eventually, the "Italian garden" was created in the Baroque style, but because of the numerous military actions, the accurate information about its plan and structure is lost. At the end of the XIX century, a significant redevelopment of the surrounding territories was done, and formation of the park "Myr" and Nesvizhskyi was started. Water objects were created as well, which has significant influence on the compositions of the parks (the compositional units are closely linked to the water elements of the parks).Formation of the park "Myr" went on during 20 years and of the park Nesvizhskyi – during more than 50 years. Four types of plantations have been detected in course of the research in the park "Myr": groups, alleys, line and bouquet plantings. The main plantings belong to the beginning of the XX century. The types of plantations of the park Nesvizhskyi are presented by massifs, groups, line plantings, alleys, bouquet plantings and solitaires. The species composition of woody plants is more varied in the park Nesvizhskyi. It includes 43 species belonging to 31 genera and 15 families, whine in the park "Myr" only 30 species of woody plants have been found.The taxonomic structure of flora of the parks "Myr" and Nesvizhskyi is dominated by woody plants of the Magnoliophyta Division, 25 and 30 species, respectively; plants of the Pinophyta Division are less common, they are presented by 8 and 5 species, respectively. Among the coniferous species, the most common are: Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., Picea pungens Engelm., Pinus sylvestris L., Juniperus sabina L.Magnoliophyta Division is represented by 25 species of woody plants, which is 84 % of the total number of species of the park "Myr" and 82% of the park Nesvizhskyi. The park Nesvizhskyi has 11% more species of woody plants that belong to Magnoliophyta Division, than the park "Myr".Among phanerophytes, the most numerous appear to be mesophanerophytes, they make up 13 and 21 species of woody plants in the parks "Myr" and Nesvizhskyi. Megaphanerophytes in the park Nesvizhskyi are represented by 12 species of woody plants, which is two times more than in the park "Myr". Microphanerophytes and nanophanerophytes in both objects are represented almost in the same quantity, i.e. from 4 to 6 species of woody plants.Mesophanerophytes are not represented by the coniferous species in the park "Myr". Among microphanerophytes, only deciduous species of woody plants have been detected. By the number of species, mesophanerophytes prevail significantly in plantations of the park Nesvizhskyi.By the number of species, mesophytes in the parks "Myr" and Nesvizhskyi correlate 24:33. Hygrophytes and xerophytes are represented by a significantly less number, i.e. from 2 to 6 species of woody plants. In both objects, the group of hygrophytes includes only the species of woody deciduous plants.By the light requirements, there are mostly helophytes, which mare represented in the park Nesvizhskyi by 18 species of woody plants, which is 3 species more, than in the park "Myr". The majority of them are deciduous species of woody plants. In the park Nesvizhskyi, hemiksiophytes are represented in significant quantity.By the soil requirements, in the parks "Myr" and Nesvizhskyi, deciduous woody plants in the group of mesotrophs (16 and 22 species) ans eutrophs (9 and 12 species) prevail. Oligotrophs in both parks form the lowest number, from 3 to 4 species of woody plants.In the parks "Myr" and Nesvizhskyi, first-magnitude trees and bushes prevail, 14 and 19, 6 and 4 species, respectively. Second-magnitude trees (10 species) are somewhat less common in the park Nesvizhskyi. There are no representatives of the fourth-magnitude trees in the park "Myr", and in the park Nesvizhskyi, there is only one row with such characteristics.Second and fourth-magnitude bushes are uncommon; in each object one of their spices is represented.According to the study results, in the parks "Myr" and Nesvizhskyi, phanerophytes prevail; among them, the most common are mesophanerophytes, less common are megaphanerophytes, uncommon are microphanerophytes and nanophanerophytes.In the park Nesvizhskyi, the species composition of woody plants is represented by 43 species, which belong to 31 genera and 15 families, in the park "Myr", only 30 species of woody plants have been detected. The taxonomic structure of dendroflora of the parks "Myr" and Nesvizhskyi is dominated by species of woody plants of Magnoliophyta Division, plants of Pinophyta Division are uncommon.The ecological structure of dendroflora of the parks "Myr" and Nesvizhskyi by light requirements is represented mostly by helophytes and hemiksiophytes, skiophytes are uncommon; by soil requirements, mesotrophes include the majority of species of woody plants. Somewhat less quantity of eutrophes has been detected in the above mentioned territories. Oligotrophs in both parks represent the lowest quantity. Masophytes prevail in the plantations of the parks. Hydrophytes and xerophytes are represented in significantly less quantity.