Lexico-semantic features of the German-language terminosystem of agrarian sphere ; Лексико-семантичні особливості німецькомовної терміносистеми аграрної сфери

Abstract

Abstract. Introduction.The article deals with lexico-semantic and stylistic aspects of the agrarian language specialty, specifies the peculiarities of the use of stylistic means in agrarian texts in German. Purpose is to determine lexico-semantic features of the german-language terminosystem of agrarian sphere. Results. It has been found that the enrichment of the industry's lexical system, in particular terminological units, occurs in two ways. It has been determined that the agro-industrial complex is characterized by a large number of terms that define land-related concepts. They denote the most common concepts of agroeconomic science, which came into existence long before its full development. Such terms are modifications of the original meaning of ordinary common words. In the language of agriculture and the economy of the agro-industrial complex, an important place is occupied by terms, which are the second time in the term system, acquiring updates due to changes in economic, social or political situation. It should be noted that in the new terminological environment they are used together with the clarifying word - adjective land or noun land, so they have already acquired the status of terminological phrases, which are usually used in the mature form. Many common words have become agro-economic terms, combined with the dependent component. However, some of them are recorded in German dictionaries, while others are not. It has been found that the semantics of terminological units also require in-depth research. On the basis of the commonality of the content of a semantically organized system of linguistic units, the semantic fields of terms of this branch in language are formed. The structure of the field outlines the understanding of language as a system of subsystems characterized by interaction and interpenetration. The subsystems of the field are semantic groups - paradigmatically linked units, united by a community of meanings, regardless of belonging to different parts of the language. Various lexical-semantic groups are considered, examples are given. At the present stage of development of agrarian terminology, it has been found that transformational changes in terms of the content of the names under study are often related to the emergence in the semantic structure of a number of terms of individual lexical-semantic groups that refer them to other thematic groups. It is established that the structure of terms of agrarian industry and, in particular, sub-branches of agricultural engineering is represented by two groups: monolex and multilex terms. The terms of mechanical engineering and their division into those between the constituent parts of which are meaningful, copulatory and signifier-copulative relations are considered. It is established that the terms in both languages have a large percentage of borrowings, and each term can be considered by its belonging to lexical-semantic groups, thematic groups, source of origin, primary or secondary nomination, mono- or multilexity, etc. A number of main features of the discourse of the scientific and technical literature of agrarian subjects are determined.It is also determined that the plant term system is marked by a large number of terms-abbreviations or truncated words-terms. Some of the abbreviations (full or partial) are translated into Ukrainian, either directly or through calculations. Acronyms are no less commonly used, the abbreviations formed from the initial letters that are part of a multicomponent name. Acronyms, along with acronyms, are quite common in reducing-contamination formed by the compilation of two bases, which are translated by descriptive method and calculation. It is established that acronyms resulting from the truncation or omission of a part of a word are translated by the method of calculating and explication. It has been found that these short names are used both in writing and in oral language. And most of the shortened German-speaking composites are translated by calculus - by replacing the components with their lexical correspondences, and their full name is translated by explication - explaining the meaning of the word. Conclusion. It is determined that in the agrarian discourse of the German language, such abbreviations are used which have no corresponding in the Ukrainian language, so they are always translated in the full form of the word. It is determined that the discourse of the scientific and technical literature of agrarian subjects has a number of defining features that characterize its thematic orientation and determine the functional features. Among them: truthfulness, scientific creativity, anthropocentrism, seclusion, clear normality, as well as high terminology. There is a large percentage of borrowing terms in both languages. Each term can be considered by its affiliation to LSG, TG, source of origin, primary or secondary nomination, mono- or multilexity, etc. For this reason, unification, selection of scientific term, use of dialect material with consideration of all needs and requirements of terminology are the main tasks of terminology. ; Анотація. У статті розглянуто лексико-семантичні особливості німецькомовної терміносистеми рослинництва та стилістичні аспекти фахової мови аграрної сфери, визначено особливості використання стилістичних засобів в аграрних текстах німецькою мовою. Виявлено, що збагачення лексичної системи галузі, зокрема термінологічними одиницями, відбувається двома шляхами. Розглянуто різні лексико-семантичні групи, наведено приклади. Виявлено, що на сучасному етапі розвитку аграрної термінології трансформаційні зміни в плані змісту досліджуваних найменувань нерідко бувають пов'язані з виникненням в семантичній структурі ряду термінів окремих лексико-семантичних груп, що відносять їх до інших тематичних груп. Встановлено, що структура термінів аграрної галузі і, зокрема, підгалузі сільськогосподарського машинобудування представлена двома групами: монолексемними і багатолексемними термінами. Розглянуто терміни машинобудування і їх поділ на такі, між складовими частинами яких існують означальні, копулятивні і означально-копулятивні зв'язки. Встановлено, що серед термінів в обох мовах наявний великий відсоток запозичень, а кожен термін можна розглядати з боку його приналежності до лексико-семантичних груп, тематичних груп, джерела виникнення, первинної чи вторинної номінації, моно- чи багатолексемності тощо. Визначено ряд головних особливостей дискурсу науково-технічної літератури аграрної тематики.