Comment sécuriser l'accès au foncier pour assurer la sécurité alimentaire des populations africaines : éléments de réflexion

Abstract

International audience ; Family agricultures and agrobusiness are two agricultural systems which one regularly opposes as for their respective capacities to ensure the food safety of the African populations. They appear not easily reconcilable in particular as for the specific land policies which are associated for them. In fact, whereas UNO proclaimed the 2014 "International Year of Family Agricultures", the peasants remain confronted with a land competition which condemns them to survive on insufficient surfaces to ensure the viability of the exploitations; this whereas the agro-business seems to make reinforced great strides and to spend on increasing land surfaces. The denounced effects of land attributions on a large scale and the urgency to guarantee the food supply of the populations cause the promotion of alternative systems of production (revival of the contract farming, development of short circuits), but the security of the access to land conditions partially the capacities of family agricultures to contribute to the security of the food circuits of supply. Still is necessary it to question as for the definition even land security and with the methods of its implementation. In addition the security of land is certainly necessary but it is not undoubtedly sufficient to cause the expected development process of the family exploitations. ; Agricultures familiales et agrobusiness sont deux systèmes agricoles que l'on oppose régulièrement quant à leurs capacités respectives à assurer la sécurité alimentaire des populations africaines. Ils apparaissent difficilement conciliables en particulier quant aux politiques foncières spécifiques qui leur sont associées. De fait, alors que l'ONU a proclamé 2014 « l'Année Internationale des Agricultures Familiales », les paysans restent confrontés à une compétition foncière qui les condamne à survivre sur des surfaces insuffisantes à assurer la viabilité des exploitations ; ceci alors que l'agrobusiness semble connaître un essor renforcé et s'approprier des surfaces ...