The Gender Determined Roles and Under-Five Mortality among Agro-Pastoralist Communities in Handeni District, Tanzania

Abstract

This paper explored gender determined roles and their impact to under-five mortality in the study area. A cross-sectional research design was used to collect data from 160 agro-pastoralist households using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected in August, 2016 in Handeni District, Tanzania mainly through a questionnaire-based survey. Descriptive statistics showed households prevalence of under-five mortality 12 months prior to the survey for Kibaya, Msomera, Malezi and Kilimilang'ombe villages to be 24.6%, 24.6%, 31.6% and 19.2%, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that timely household decision, control of household income and equal involvement of household members in the subsistence farming had significant influence on reduction of household under-five mortality. The influence was at β = -0.071, p = 0.000, odd ratio = 0.931, β = -1.828, p = 0.032, odd ratio = 0.674 and β = -1.013, p = 0.022, odd ration = 0.362 respectively. The study findings indicate that women involvement in household decision making and use of household income contribute to the reduction of under-five mortality. It is also the same when subsistence farming is considered as a role for all household members rather than considering it as a women's role alone. Government, non-governmental organisations and other stakeholders should create awareness campaigns in form of seminars and workshops on gender equality in agro-pastoralist communities. This paper recommends further studies to explore roles of culture on household power dynamics and their implication to under-five mortality.