Understanding Public Perceptions of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps:Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Social Media Analysis

In: Cresswell , K , Tahir , A , Sheikh , Z , Hussain , Z , Domínguez Hernández , A , Harrison , E , Williams , R , Hussain , A & Hussain , A 2021 , ' Understanding Public Perceptions of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps : Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Social Media Analysis ' , Journal of Medical Internet Research , vol. 23 , no. 5 , e26618 . https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.26618

Abstract

Background: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 and its subsequent spread worldwide continues to be a global health crisis. Many governments consider contact tracing of citizens through apps installed on mobile phones as a key mechanism to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Objective: In this study, we sought to explore the suitability of artificial intelligence (AI)–enabled social media analyses using Facebook and Twitter to understand public perceptions of COVID-19 contact tracing apps in the United Kingdom. Methods: We extracted and analyzed over 10,000 relevant social media posts across an 8-month period, from March 1 to October 31, 2020. We used an initial filter with COVID-19–related keywords, which were predefined as part of an open Twitter-based COVID-19 dataset. We then applied a second filter using contract tracing app–related keywords and a geographical filter. We developed and utilized a hybrid, rule-based ensemble model, combining state-of-the-art lexicon rule-based and deep learning–based approaches. Results: Overall, we observed 76% positive and 12% negative sentiments, with the majority of negative sentiments reported in the North of England. These sentiments varied over time, likely influenced by ongoing public debates around implementing app-based contact tracing by using a centralized model where data would be shared with the health service, compared with decentralized contact-tracing technology. Conclusions: Variations in sentiments corroborate with ongoing debates surrounding the information governance of health-related information. AI-enabled social media analysis of public attitudes in health care can help facilitate the implementation of effective public health campaigns.