A theory of joint-stock citizenship. And its consequences on the brain drain, sovereignty and state responsibility

Abstract

Recent discussions about global justice have focused on the arguments in favor of including political and social rights within the set of human rights. In doing so, the issue of the existence of specific rights, enjoyed exclusively by citizens of a given community, is raised. This article deals with the problem of distinguishing human and citizen rights. It argues the existence of citizens' rights based on specific solidarity in each country - the stockholder principle - that is compatible with a broad idea of human rights defined by international law and enforced according to the stakeholder principle. Moreover, the stockholder principle is compatible with the psychological concept of citizenship as based on a specific collective identity and, last but not least, it leads to fair consequences at a global level.