The impact of urban growth and REIK "Kolubara" on the environment change ; Uticaj razvoja grada i REIK "Kolubara" na promene životne sredine

Abstract

A city is the most significant factor that affects environmental changes. They are directly caused by demographic, industrial, traffic, agricultural, tourist, and other various anthropogenic processes. Moreover, cities are the major consumer of natural resources. By occupying and exploiting vast areas of land, they destroy soil resources, influence the quality of water and air, influence flora and fauna, change climate not only on their territories, but in their closer and more remote neighborhood, too. A city as a whole, cannot be observed independently from its nearby surroundings because their interdependence influences the quality of life of the population and has manifold effects on the sustainable urban growth. Today, many cities are faced, on one hand, with issues such as satisfaction of the population needs, and, on the other, with challenges of sustainability. The principles of sustainable development, integrity and public participation are the most fundamental in urban growth. Appropriate approach to planning sustainable urban development of cities should be implemented through adequate spatial and urban planning, with precisely defined growth policies, programs and plans for protection and improvement of the environment. Taking into account the fact that effective city management comes upon numerous obstacles, this paper will consider strategic and institutional issues, problems and possible solutions for the environment protection. ; Grad je najznačajniji faktor koji dovodi do izmene stanja životne sredine. Ono je direktno uzrokavano demografskim, industrijskim, saobraćajnim, poljoprivrednim, turističkim i nizom drugih antropogenih procesa. Takođe, gradovi su najveći potrošači prirodnih resursa. Zauzimanjem i eksploatacijom velikih prostora uništavaju zemljišne resurse, utiču na kvalitet vode i vazduha, utiču na živi svet, menjaju klimu ne samo na području grada nego i u bližoj i daljoj okolini. Grad, kao celina, ne može se posmatrati nezavisno od svoje najbliže okoline, te njihov odnos utiče i na kvalitet života stanovništva i ima višestruki uticaj na održivi urbani razvoj. Brojni gradovi danas su suočeni sa problemima zadovoljavanja potreba stanovništva, s jedne strane, i izazovima održivosti gradova s druge. Kao osnovni pravci urbanog razvoja izdvajaju se načela održivog razvoja, integralnosti i učešća javnosti. Odgovarajući pristup u planiranju urbanog i održivog razvoja gradova treba da bude sproveden kroz adekvatno prostorno i urbanističko planiranje, sa jasno definisanim razvojnim politikama, programima i planovima zaštite i unapređenja životne sredine. Polazeći od činjenice da racionalno upravljanje gradovima nailazi na brojna ograničenja, u radu će biti razmatrana strateška i institucionalna pitanja, problemi i moguća rešenja zaštite životne sredine.