Local dynamics in the implementation the Programa 3x1 para Migrantes: between conflict and cooperation ; Dinámicas locales en la implementación del Programa 3x1 para Migrantes: entre el conflicto y la cooperación

Abstract

The Programa 3x1 para Migrantes is the institutional shape adopted by the collective remittances sent to Mexican communities. Since 2002 it is a federal governmental program, although it is rooted in Mexican immigrant associations and links between immigrants and local population in Mexico. The Program's main features, as well as the high level of civic participation of immigrant associations it is built upon, make it a key subject in migration studies and public policy studies. Although both approaches find substantial heterogeneity in the Program's implementation at the local level, they remain as different research fields. This article is an effort to complement the different findings in the subject by means of the qualitative analysis of two problems frequently reported: lack of targeting in high-marginalization areas, and the centrality of local actors other than migrant associations. Our findings are twofold. First, it is shown that the differences of interests across actors, and the different definitions of the public problem that the Program displays over time, make the beneficiary areas selected by immigrants incompatible with the government's priorities. Second, we find opposite effects in accountability, depending on the actor that replace the immigrant club as the central actor in the implementation process. ; El Programa 3x1 para Migrantes es la forma institucional que ha tomado el envío de remesas colectivas a las localidades mexicanas. Desde 2002 es un programa federal, aunque sus antecedentes se encuentran en las organizaciones civiles de migrantes y en los vínculos con la población de las localidades de origen de los migrantes. Las características del Programa, y la activa participación de los migrantes que presupone, han hecho que sea un tema importante en los estudios de migración internacional y en los estudios de políticas públicas. Desde ambas perspectivas se da cuenta de la heterogeneidad de la implementación del Programa a nivel local, sin embargo son campos de investigación separados. ...