Place-Names in Three Prophecies from the «Book of Taliesin»

Abstract

The Book of Taliesin (now at the National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth) is a fourteenth-century manuscript of Welsh poetry, with some of its material going back to the late sixth century. But it includes poems of later date. Amongst them are three political prophecies: 'Taliesin's Verdant Song'; 'The Contention of Gwynedd and Deheubarth'; 'A Short Poem About Lludd's Discussion'. The first two are of the tenth century, the last of the eleventh. What follows deals with place-names in each. The first can be shown to allude to the English victory over Vikings and Scots at Brunanburh, near Durham, in 937. It is therefore somewhat later, of the period 940 to 987, and not of before 937, as has been thought. The second, dated to 942 x 960, is a polemic by a poet of Gwynedd or north-west Wales against the men of Deheubarth or southern Wales. Its author makes mocking reference to places which can be identified as in North Britain or on the Welsh border: even if Gwynedd's enemies flee there, they will not escape vengeance. Of most interest to Spanish readers is the third text. Its obscure references to enemies will be to Arab and Berber invaders of Andalusia in 1086, after which Alphonso vi appealed for international help. The poem can hence be dated to 1087 or 1088, and will be the earliest reference to Spain in Welsh poetry. ; El Libro de Taliesin (ahora en la Biblioteca Nacional de Gales, Aberystwyth) es un manuscrito de poesía galesa del siglo xiv, y parte de su material se remonta a finales del siglo vi. Pero incluye poemas de fecha posterior. Entre ellos se encuentran tres profecías políticas: 'Canción verde de Taliesin'; 'La disputa de Gwynedd y Deheubarth'; 'Un poema breve sobre la discusión de Lludd'. Los dos primeros son del siglo x, los últimos del xi. Lo que sigue trata sobre los nombres de lugares en cada uno. Se puede demostrar que el primero alude a la victoria inglesa sobre vikingos y escoceses en Brunanburh, cerca de Durham, en 937. Es, por tanto, algo posterior, del período 940 a 987, y no antes del 937, ...