Open Access BASE2005

Retratos españoles: el individuo, la nación y la literatura en El ombligo del mundo de Ramón Pérez de Ayala

Abstract

In the short stories contained in El ombligo del mundo (1924), Ramón Pérez de Ayala examines the worldview and behavior of his countrymen in order to represent in his work their dissociate mentality and the lack of national cohesion, participating in the debate about Spain's identity and educational regeneration which concerned intellectuals and politicians since the nineteenth century. Influenced by the critical and ironic mentality of modernity, his participation is characterized by the questioning of traditional concepts of individuality, nation and art. However, in his narrative Ayala does not adopt a distanced and ironic posture because he approaches his subject, the Spaniards, in an empathetic yet critical manner. Ayala achieves this paradoxical effect by avoiding essentialist generalizations about the national character. Instead, he presents individual cases in order to celebrate the richness of human experience. Although Ayala was aware of the limitations of his artistic medium and his country's grave problems, he continued writing, showing his cautious confidence in the future of the Spaniards and Spain, and in his own contribution through his art. ; En Los cuentos de El ombligo del mundo (1924), Ayala examina la cosmovisión y el comportamiento de sus coterráneos para representar en su obra su mentalidad disociativa y la falta de cohesión nacional, participando del debate sobre la identidad y la regeneración educativa de España que ocupa a intelectuales y políticos desde el Siglo XIX. lnfluido por la mentalidad crítica e irónica de la modernidad, su participación sobresale por su cuestionamiento de conceptos tradicionales de individualidad, nación y arte. Empero, en su narrativa no adopta una distanciadora postura irónica pues se acerca al español afectivamente, sin dejar de escudriñarlo críticamente. Logra este paradójico efecto porque no realiza generalizaciones esencialistas sobre el carácter nacional sino que presenta casos individuales, celebrando la riqueza de la experiencia humana. Aunque tiene conciencia de las limitaciones de su medio artístico y de los agudos problemas en su país, continúa escribiendo, dejando entrever su cautelosa confianza en el futuro de los españoles, España y su propia contribución a través del arte.

Languages

Spanish; Castilian

Publisher

University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus

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