THE IMAGE OF THE SOVIET TEACHER IN PERIODICAL PUBLICATIONS OF UKRAINE IN THE LAST 1930s. ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NEWSPAPER «BILSHOVITSKA PRAVDA» ; ОБРАЗ РАДЯНСЬКОГО ВЧИТЕЛЯ У ПЕРІОДИЧНИХ ВИДАННЯХ УКРАЇНИ КІНЦЯ 1930-х рр. НА ПРИКЛАДІ ГАЗЕТИ «БІЛЬШОВИЦЬКА ПРАВДА»

Abstract

The work is an attempt to recreate the image of a Soviet teacher in the late 30's. XX century, and based on a comprehensive analysis of typical materials for the Soviet Ukraine newspaper – the printed organ of the Vinnitsa regional committee of the KP(b)U, periodical magazine of Regional Executive Committee and the Regional Council, «Bilshovitska Pravda» for 1937 – 1939 (700 numbers). Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the newspaper's materials shows that publications about education, teachers, students and students occupy a significant, though not the main, place. Teachers were given the leading role in the education of the younger generation of «builders of communism». Therefore, a lot of attention in the articles of «Bilshovitska Pravda» is given to the creating of the image of an ideal Soviet teacher. The teacher had such important features as social activity, mastery of the fundamentals of the theory of Marxism-Leninism, high level of professionalism, atheistic views, high authority among pupils and the population. The appearance of the teacher, which was maximally fitted to the standard, occupied a significant place in the image of the Soviet teacher. Various articles about the high social status of Soviet teachers were published in order to form representations about the prestige of the teaching profession whose aim was to emphasize the high social status of Soviet educators. «Bilshovitska Pravda» in every possible way praised the best teachers of the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR, popularized professional and social experience of teachers. The authors of the articles drew the image of a negative teacher in order to contrast the to an ideal teacher. The negative teacher had such characteristic features as low level of useful social activity, lack of professional qualifications, various ideological «deviations» (Trotskyism, bourgeois nationalism, fascism) «wrecking activity» in education, drunkenness, professional negligence, immoral behavior and low authority. Such a teacher was strongly condemned and was not desirable to follow. Author of the scientific article concluded that the materials of the newspaper allow to reconstruct about the hero and antihero of the «educational front» given by the government. The image of the Soviet teacher, which press created, was idealized and had little in common with the real average teacher of this era. ; У роботі на основі комплексного аналізу матеріалів типової для Радянської України газети – друкованого органу Вінницького обкому та міському КП(б)У, облвиконкому та облпрофради «Більшовицька правда» за 1937 – 1939 рр. робиться спроба відтворити образ радянського вчителя кінця 1930-х років, який насаджувався у радянському соціумі. Зроблено висновок, що матеріали газети відкривають широкі можливості реконструкції уявлень владних структур про героя і антигероя «освітнього фронту». Змальований пресою образ радянського вчителя мав не багато спільного з реальним пересічним вчителем доби.