Міграційна політика України в контексті безпеки та збалансованості економічного і соціального розвитку держави ; Migration policy of Ukraine in the context of security and well-balanced economic and social development of the state

Abstract

Розглянуто основні тенденції, які існують у міграційній сфері України. Доведено, що ефективна міграційна політика має прямий вплив на забезпечення збалансованого економічного та соціального розвитку держави. Визначено основні напрями удосконалення державної міграційної політики України з врахуванням впливу загроз національній і соціальній безпеці на сучасному етапі. ; Problem statement. The state migration policy in Ukraine is characterized by the absence of efficient mechanisms of public regulation of internal voluntary and forced migration, aimed at the development of the country and its regions. Also, migration policy does not sufficiently take into consideration the priorities of ensuring national and social security of Ukraine and its regions, that correspond to new challenges and threats of both internal and external nature. Internally displaced persons from the east of the country and the Crimea as well as internal voluntary labour migrants not involved as the resources of development of the society and territorial communities of the country are left unattended in it; while external migration of Ukrainians from the country constitutes a threat for the future. Therefore, author's assessments, proposals and recommendations are in a way aimed to solve the problems of improvement of Ukraine's state migration policy that are topical for the country, with due account of the effect of the threats posed to national and social security at the current stage.Recent research and publications analysis. Migration trends are studied in their works at different levels by both foreign and Ukrainian researchers including Î. Bilyk, Î. Hrishnova, Kh. Zlotnyk, V. Ivanenko, Ê. Ighlichka, S. Castles, Ò. Klinchenko, V. Kovalenko, ². Kollet, V. Kryvenko, Î. Malynovska, Î. Piskun, P. Stalker, S. Timur and others. However, in the conditions of globalized modern world and special attention paid to stable social and economic development in the security context the problems of Ukraine's migration policy require deep and profound scientific research.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The goal of this article is to assess the situation in the migration domain of Ukraine and to substantiate the directions of Ukraine's state migration policy improvement, with due account of the threats posed to national and social security at the current stage.Paper main body. In modern Ukraine the content of migration policy which really aims to protect and ensure security of national interests is characterized by a wide range of peculiarities connected to the call of the times. These are protection of the rights and guarantees of migrants as well as integration of migrants at the places of their relocation, promotion of the development of the country from which the migrant has moved and in which (s)he is staying.Migration processes have been significantly affected by the situation in Ukraine, related to the war. This factor caused the desire of a considerable part of Ukrainian citizens to leave the country and to move abroad, as well as not to participate in military actions dangerous for life. Deterioration in the economic situation has caused poverty, unemployment growth and intensified labour migration. Security and development have manifested their close interrelation and interdependence both in the country and in relation to prospective migrants coming to Ukraine. Over the years of the armed conflict twice fewer foreigners have come to Ukraine than before the war. The trend towards Ukraine's unattractiveness for external voluntary migration is gathering momentum ever, and at the same time the number of refugees coming from the countries the citizens of which are looking for asylum is on the rise. The state migration policy is not fully aligned with priority objectives and directions of Ukraine's economic development. One of the core tasks of the state is to develop incentives for such specialists to get salaries in the Motherland, that would correspond to the world standards, for them to be interested in working in Ukraine instead of looking for a better life abroad. Here it should be noted that the problem is not only that of the migration policy – it is much wider. In this case one may speak about the general status of political, economic, social state system, capable of ensuring proper welfare for the population. Within this framework the importance of general state recovery in all the fields and domains must be stressed.The trends identified and certain lack of balance between development objectives, security requirements and state regulation of migration processes call for excellence of the basics of Ukraine's state migration policy. The directions of improvement of Ukraine's state migration policy, with due account of the effect of the threats posed to national and social security at the current stage, are as follows: ensuring coordination of the state migration policy with the objectives and directions of Ukraine's development in priority sectors of economy; re-orientation of modern migration policy towards implementing the priorities of national and social security; ensuring of a well-balanced nature of the state migration policy in terms of the country's development and security needs as stated in strategic legal documents of the state and its regions; improvement of the institutional provision of the development and implementation of the state migration policy; improvement of the quality of administrative service provision in the field of migration at the state and regional levels, introduction of modern electronic migration process detection and management technologies in Ukraine; improvement of staff provision of migration services along with introduction of progressive innovative forms of interacting with migrants; development and implementation of economic, organizational and management, regulatory and legal mechanisms of migration and diaspora (expatriate community) reintegration; regulation of the processes of external migration of human resources, effective reintegration of migrants and diaspora in Ukraine.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. It has been summarized that the overall situation in Ukraine in the context of security and well-balanced nature of the state's economic and social development proves that currently there is a need to activate the effort related to ensuring of national security in the economic and social domains. Within this framework, Ukraine's state policy should be unified in all directions, this, in particular, referring to migration policy. Ensuring of reasonable and well-balanced decisions in the migration field is capable of raising the level of national security of the state in general. Implementation of the directions of improvement of Ukraine's state migration policy, determined in the article, with due account of the effect of the threats posed to Ukraine's national and social security, consideration of proposals and recommendations on improvement of Ukraine's state migration policy in the practice of public migration process management will allow to minimize the negative consequences of external and forced migration of Ukrainian residents, to mitigate the effect of threats and hazards for the future.