JUDICIAL CORPS FORMATION AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCE ON THE GENESIS OF UKRAINIAN STATEHOOD IN THE ANCIET RUSSIAN ERA ; ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СУДЕЙСКОГО КОРПУСА КАК ФАКТОР ВЛИЯНИЯ НА ГЕНЕЗИС УКРАИНСКОЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ В ДРЕВНЕРУССКИЙ ПЕРИОД ; ФОРМУВАННЯ СУДДІВСЬКОГО КОРПУСУ ЯК ФАКТОР ВПЛИВУ НА ГЕНЕЗУ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДЕРЖАВНОСТІ У ДАВНЬОРУСЬКУ ДОБУ

Abstract

In this article the effectiveness of the judiciary in the period of ancient statehood was analyzed. A study of society's perception of the word «court» in the considered period, taking into account the philologicaland legal approach to the mentioned phenomenon. The possibility and peculiarities of the existence of a court as an out state institution, as well as the peculiarities of such an institution of the state are analyzed. Thus, the article examines the pre-state (community), state and church stages of the formation of the judiciary.In particular, the pre-state stage outlines the features of certain categories of disputes, such as criminal or civil matters. In addition, the requirements for persons who had the right to administer justice in the East Slavic tribes were grouped and the following main features were identified: generic, psychological, unconditional. The dependenceof the judiciary formation on religious and political factors has also been established.At the same time, a characteristic feature of the period is the proximity ofthe judiciary to the people. A special focus in this article was given to the period of the emergence of the state. This stage radically changed the views on the effectiveness of the management method, which also influenced the change of views on the administration of justice.However, this period is characterized by the weakening of the judiciary as an independent branch of government, due to the concentration of managerial powers in the hands of the feudal lord, respectively, there was no clear list of requirements for the position of judge. The period under study is characterized by the following features of the procedure for the formation of the judiciary: the administration of justice wasstrictly dependent on the power that belonged to the prince; judging has become a privilege and sometimes a lucrative business; the formation of the judiciary depended significantly on the level of administration of justice, because the community courts for a long time operated in parallel with the princes.In addition, in this article the period after the baptism of Russia by St. Vladimir in 998 was analyzed and investigated. After this event in the territory of modern Ukraine, along with the princely court, the ecclesiastical court began to act at the same time. ; В статье проанализирована эффективность судопроизводства в период древнерусской государственности. Определён и исследован круг исторических обстоятельств, повлиявших на современный вид системы национального правосудия. Проанализированы этапы формирования судейского корпуса и влияние этих процессов на украинскую государственность в исследуемый период. Исследованы догосударственный, государственный и церковный этапы формирования судейского корпуса. ; У статті проведено аналіз ефективності судочинства у період давньоруської державності. Досліджено порядок визначення правил формування суддівського корпусу в ту добу. Виявлено та досліджено коло історичних обставин, що вплинули на сучасну систему національного правосуддя. Проаналізовано етапи формування суддівського корпусу та вплив таких процесів на українську державність,зокрема, досліджено додержавний (общинний), державницький та церковний етапи формування суддівського корпусу.