ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТАТЕВОГО ВИХОВАННЯ МОЛОДІ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ОСВІТИ КРАЇН-ЗАСНОВНИКІВ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО МАКРОРЕГІОНУ ; PECULIARITIES OF SEXUAL EDUCATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF COUNTRIES-THE FOUNDERS OF THE EUROPEAN MACROREGION

Abstract

У статті зроблена спроба з'ясувати особливості здійснення статевого виховання у різних країнах європейського макрорегіону, взявши за основу країни-засновники та зробивши акцент на найбільш характерних ознаках цих країн в означеному аспекті. Зокрема, увага автора зосереджена на Бельгії, Італії, Люксембургу, Нідерландів, Німеччини та Франції у сфері статевого виховання учнів, які започаткували основи формування сучасної шкільної сексуальної освіти на теренах Європи, надаючи особливу увагу формуванню політики статі, розробленню законодавчої бази з боку інституцій Євросоюзу та Ради Європи в галузі шкільної освіти. ; The article attempts to clarify the peculiarities of sex education in different countries of the European macro-region, based on countries-the founders and emphasize the most characteristic features of these countries in this aspect. In particular, the author focuses on Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany and France in the field of sex education of students who have laid the foundations of modern school sex education in Europe, paying special attention to gender policy, EU legal framework and Council of Europe in the field of school education. In Belgium, for example, society has a liberal attitude towards sex and sex education, moreover, sex education is a compulsory practice that offers schools considerable autonomy in the development of curricula, including sex education. Italy is strongly influenced by the Catholic Church, so sex education is controversial in schools, and sex education programs are implemented as part of traditional classroom instruction, focusing mainly on the biological aspects of gender and behavior, adhering to the formation of traditional views on gender issues. based on the principles of morality. Luxembourg has open views on the issue of youth sexuality, the Netherlands shows one of the lowest levels of teenage pregnancy in the world, and the Dutch approach is often seen as a model for other countries. Attitudes toward sex education in Germany are characterized as liberal, accepted and recognized by federal law. This is due to the declining birth rate, which currently requires a rethinking of the position of politicians and the church on sex education and sex education of young people, while continuing to recognize the right of every citizen of the state to start a family. Sex education in France has a holistic approach and plays an important role in the sexual and emotional development of young people, helping them to resist the influence of the media and social media. Improving the national systems of school sex education in the studied countries requires the formation of an effective gender policy in each country.