DO HIGH-STATUS GROUPS DISCRIMINATE MORE? DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN SOCIAL IDENTITY AND EQUITY CONCERNS

In: Social behavior and personality: an international journal, Band 29, Heft 3, S. 209-221

Abstract

A number of studies have found that high status groups tend to discriminate more than low status groups. This tendency can be interpreted as reflecting either a desire to maintain a positive social identity or an application of equity. An experiment was conducted in order to examine
the roles of these two factors. The independent variables were status (high vs. low), and the nature of the relation between the dimension on which status was defined and the dimension on which in-group bias was measured (relation, no relation). When the two dimensions were related, equity
was expected to be relevant. Therefore it was predicted that the status differential would be reproduced through the allocations. Contrary to this hypothesis, neither the high nor the low status group displayed in-group favoritism in this condition. The authors suggest that the use of two
related dimensions rather than only one, as in previous studies, is responsible for such a discrepancy. It was further predicted that when the two dimensions were unrelated, equity would be irrelevant and therefore members of both groups would display in-group bias on the new dimension-either
as a means of preserving a positive social identity or in order to achieve one. This second hypothesis was confirmed.