Hinweise zur Geschichte der Präsumptionen

In: Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Kanonistische Abteilung, Band 102, Heft 1, S. 502-509

Abstract

Abstract
Aspects of the History of Presumptions. Modern research on medieval presumptions shows the role of canon law in the development of this highly artificial legal device. Presumptions may even be proof of a sophisticated jurisprudence. Without a dogmatic model in Roman law, the decretals started to collect presumptions and develop a doctrinal system of different sorts and grades. These collections not only led to famous works by Alciato, Menochius, and Mascardus; they also led to the recognition of inherent difficulties: A judicature based on a system of presumptions transfers prejudices into final verdicts. For this reason, presumptions lost their appeal to lawyers and even acquired a bad reputation, at least in some countries. To some extent, therefore, canon law rules and maxims still function today.