CLASSIFICATION OF ECONOMIC SECTORS ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF THEIR TECHNOGENIC DANGER

In: Lomonosov Geography Journal, Band 78, Heft № 3 (2023), S. 3-17

Abstract

The study develops an approach to the classification of economy sectors according to the degree of their potential technogenic danger to the population. The article provides a brief analysis of the history of the RF legislation in the field of industrial safety, and a review of current regulatory legal documents. The existing classifications of hazardous facilities were analyzed based on domestic and foreign studies. Industries and types of economic activity were classified according to the degree of their potential danger. The sectors with the highest hazard class include coal mining; production of coke and oil products; chemical products; rubber and plastic products; metallurgical production; provision of electricity, gas and steam; air conditioning. The sectors with the middle class of danger are the extraction of oil and natural gas, metal ores; production of foodstuff, drinks, tobacco products; production of paper; production of medicines and materials used for medical purposes; production of other non-metallic mineral products; sub-sectors of mechanical engineering, water supply and sanitation, transport, scientific research, etc. The proposed approach was tested in Moscow and it became clear that there are 635 enterprises operating in the city that have a type of economic activity classified as medium or high hazard class, they employ about 241 thousand people (as in 2020), and most of them (more than 90%) work at enterprises belonging to medium-hazardous industries. According to mobile operators' data it was find out that up to a quarter of the Moscow population is daily concentrated in the areas of potential technogenic danger, which is significantly higher than indicated in official documents. Increased actual concentration of population in places of greatest danger is a serious problem from the point of view of ensuring the safety of citizens, and organizing rescue and evacuation measures in case of emergencies.