Geospatial intelligence: origins and evolution

Abstract

Intelligence and geospatial intelligence -- Brief history of maps and charts -- Terrain -- Navigation -- Geopolitics -- Geographic Information Systems (GIS) --Geolocation -- Gaining the high ground -- The ultimate high ground -- Visible imaging -- Spectral imaging -- Radar imaging -- The drivers of geospatial intelligence -- The tools of geospatial intelligence -- The sociocultural side of GEOINT -- The NGA story -- The GEOINT explosion -- Non-national geospatial intelligence -- Commercial GEOINT -- Conclusion : the road ahead.