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Abstract
Chapter I. The potential of FDI in tourism. A. The potential of tourism for developing countries -- B. FDI in tourism -- C. The historical context : the unfulfilled promise of tourism and FDI in tourism -- D. UNCTAD research and policy analysis -- Chapter II. Tourism FDI trends and developing countries. A. Conceptual context -- B. Global trends: 1. Overall scale and regional concentration of FDI in tourism ; 2. FDI concentration in the tourism-value chain -- C. Developing country characteristics and trends: 1. Scale of tourism FDI ; 2. Regional trends in tourism FDI ; 3. Developing countries share of tourism FDI ; 4. The emergence of Southern TNCs ; 5. Tourism FDI trends in individual countries (Evidence from stock and flow data, Evidence from country case studies) ; 6. How TNCs decide where to locate -- D. Equity vis-à-vis non-equity modes: 1. Reasons for choosing Non-equity modes in developing countries -- Chapter III. The impact of FDI in tourism : creating and capturing value. A. The conceptual framework: 1. Synthesising the FDI and tourism based approaches to impact on host countries ; 2. The UNCTAD model -- B. Evidence of the impact of FDI in tourism: 1. TNCs and impact on tourist demand : the chicken or the egg? ; 2. Tourism FDI and capital formation (Accommodation supply capacity and quality, Tourism-related infrastructure, Resilience and access to capital) -- 3. Impact on human resources (Employment generation, Knowledge and skills, Expatriate employment) ; 4. Impact via procurement and supply chain linkages ; 5. TFDI and domestic enterprise development ; 6. TFDI and the environment ; 7. Balance of payments effects -- Chapter IV. An integrated policy approach towards tourism foreign direct investment. A. Developing country policies towards tourism FDI: 1. Degree of openness to tourism FDI ; 2. Treatment of foreign compared to national investors ; 3. Policy issues related to international commitments ; 4. Key policies to promote FDI inflows (Measures to promote FDI inflows, Incentives to attract FDI inflows, Regional cooperation, FDI and public private partnerships, Evaluation of FDI policies and measures in tourism) -- B. Policies to improve the net returns from tourism FDI: 1. Policies to enhance value creation from tourism FDI ; 2. Policies to enhance value capture from tourism FDI -- Annex A. Tour operators, airlines and global distribution systems
From field-work and country experiences in developing countries, the FDI in Tourism ... program analyzes trends in investment in tourism, including: the move away from equity towards non-equity modes (licensing, franchising, and management contracts), and the rise of "South-South" investment and trade; the development implications of these trends, in terms of a number of social and economic indicators; the role of South Africa as a major source of outward FDI in the region, potential linkages that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and transnational corporations (TNCs) could create to benefit local communities; and policy analysis and evaluation, including guidance on how to benefit from foreign direct investment in tourism
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