Smart citizens, smarter state: the technologies of expertise and the future of governing

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. From Open Government to Smarter Governance -- The Potential Benefits of Open Government -- The Failure of Open Government -- The Limits of Participatory Bureaucracy -- The Limits of the Open Call -- Why Closed-Door Governing Remains Rational -- The Consequences of Our Failure to Innovate -- Why Smarter Governance May Be the Answer -- Chapter 2. The Rise of Professional Government -- The Roots of Professionalism -- The Standardization of Methods and Measurement -- The University as Professional Training Ground -- The Demise of the Amateur in Public Life -- How Professionalism Subverts Participation -- Chapter 3. The Limits of Democratic Theory -- Citizen Illiteracy -- Deliberative Pathology -- Participatory Inefficiency -- The Challenge of Deliberative Fundamentalism -- Chapter 4. The Technologies of Expertise -- Why We Need Expertise -- Four Ways Technology Is Changing Expertise -- Making Expertise Visible -- Automatic and Manual Sources of Data -- From Certification to Badging -- Quantifying Expertise Differently -- Chapter 5. Experimenting with Smarter Governance -- Testing Innovations in How We Make Policy -- The ExpertNet Consultation -- Experimentation at the FDA -- Deficits in Regulatory Review -- Improving Device Review with Targeting -- How Profiles Measures Expertise -- Smarter Governance in Practice: The Experts.gov Experiment -- The Research Agenda for Smarter Governance: Identifying Who Participates -- Testing How They Participate -- Experiments with Incentives and Motivation -- Experiments with Institutional Readiness -- Chapter 6. Why Smarter Governance May Be Illegal -- Origins of the Federal Advisory System -- The Paperwork Reduction Act -- How Government Gets Expertise Today -- Chapter 7. Bringing Smarter Governance to Life.