Innovation in Clusters: Science-Industry Relationships in the Face of Forced Advancement

Abstract

Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- I.1. Innovation policies and the clustering process -- I.1.1. Ensuring the legal and fiscal framework for the partnership between science and industry: governing from a distance -- I.1.2. Clustering: an old idea at the heart of current innovation policies -- I.1.3. Focusing on biotechnologies: catching up with the world through clustering -- I.2. The cooperation mechanism in a biocluster context: from concept to reality -- I.2.1. The advent of structures for science and industry intermediation -- I.2.2. From the cluster concept to its realization: between adoption and resistance -- I.2.3. An immersion survey: observing, interviewing and quantifying on a daily basis -- I.3. Acknowledgements -- PART 1: Persistence and Renewal of the Cluster Concept in Contemporary Innovation Policies -- 1. From Industrial Districts to Knowledge Valleys: the Legacy of the Cluster -- 1.1. The industrial district: the oldest ancestor of the cluster -- 1.1.1. The economic approach of industrial atmosphere -- 1.1.2. The first Italian districts and their influence in France -- 1.1.3. The rise of districts: the end of the Fordist enterprise? -- 1.2. Spatial concentrations of technological activities -- 1.2.1. The time of technopoles: reconciling regional planning and innovation -- 1.2.2. A spontaneous and innovative environment conducive to a "technological atmosphere"? -- 1.2.3. The era of cognitive capitalism: the race for creativity of individuals and territories -- 1.3. The valleys of knowledge: interindividual relations as a source of innovation -- 1.3.1. Informal links in the heart of Silicon Valley -- 1.3.2. The relational logic essential to geographical proximity -- 1.3.3. Social capital as a driver of innovation.