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Abstract
"Adopting a view of utilitarian ethics in which motivation in the public interest takes on greater weight than is generally appreciated, this book explores the extent to which the philosophy of Immanuel Kant is consistent with this nuanced version of utilitarianism. Kant's requirement that full ethical merit needs an agent to act purely 'from duty' to forward 'the universal end of happiness' rather than from a personal inclination to achieve that end clearly distinguishes his position from the version of utilitarian ethics adopted here. But this book also argues that Kant's approval of a secondary category of conduct - conduct 'in conformity with' duty - entailing other-regarding or 'sympathetic' motivation to advance general happiness, differs from the utilitarian position only in its meriting a qualified degree of ethical credit. After comparing Kant's position with those of eighteenth-century utilitarian writers from Locke to Bentham, the book evaluates reactions to Kant by J.S. Mill and Karl Marx and proposes Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) as a 'precursor' for maintaining a 'Kantian' doctrine of conduct 'from duty' and for other shared features. In terms of public policy, the work demonstrates Kant's justification of poor relief and reduced inequality, his proposal for a state education plan, and his opposition to paternalism. This book provides essential reading for academic specialists and students concerned with the interface of political economy and ethics, as well as the history of economic thought, political economy, history of ethics, history of political thought and intellectual history. Samuel Hollander is University Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto, Canada, and an Officer in the Order of Canada"--
Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Introduction and Plan of Work -- Notes -- References -- 1 Kant on Virtue -- 1.1 Principles of Ethical Conduct -- 1.2 Conduct 'From Duty': On 'Beneficence' (and Other Examples) -- 1.3 Conduct 'In Conformity with Duty': On Motivation by 'Sympathy' ('Benevolence') -- 1.4 On the Practical Relevance of Morality -- 1.5 Moral Progress and the Role of Education -- 1.6 On Prudence -- 1.7 The Principle of Right -- 1.8 The 'Rightful' State -- 1.9 The Role of the State -- 1.10 Morality in 'Cosmopolitan' Context -- Notes -- References -- 2 Kant's Königsberg Lectures on Ethics -- 2.1 The Categorical Imperative: 'How possible?' -- 2.2 The Requirements for Conduct from Duty -- 2.3 On Self-Regarding Interest, Duty to Self and the State's Right to Coerce -- 2.4 Duties of Virtue and Duties of Right: Classifications -- 2.5 Duties of Virtue and Duties of Right: An Application to Distributive Justice ('Fairness') -- 2.6 On Consequences in Ethical Evaluation: A Utilitarian Perspective -- 2.7 Some Theological Issues -- 2.8 Significant Features of the Lectures on Ethics: A Résumé -- Notes -- References -- 3 Kant's Königsberg Lectures on Anthropology -- 3.1 From 'Morality' to 'Ethics' and the Tasks of Anthropology -- 3.2 The Role of Education in Advancing Ethical Progress -- 3.3 Ethical Progress as a 'Natural' Process: The Invisible Hand -- 3.4 A Return to Conduct 'from' and Conduct 'in Conformity with' Duty -- 3.5 The 'Cosmopolitan' Dimension to Ethical Progress -- Notes -- References -- 4 Kant in Eighteenth-Century (Utilitarian) Context -- 4.1 Kant and Locke -- 4.2 Kant and Shaftesbury -- 4.3 Kant and Mandeville -- 4.4 Kant and Hutcheson -- 4.5 Kant and Hume -- 4.6 Kant and Smith -- 4.7 An Overview -- Notes -- References.
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