Nanotechnology for light pollution reduction

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 ◾ Light Pollution and Prevention: An Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Various Sources Responsible for Light Pollution -- 1.2 The Adverse Impact of Light Pollution -- 1.2.1 Increasing Energy Consumption -- 1.2.2 Ecosystem and Wildlife Disruption -- 1.2.3 The Demise of Baby Turtles -- 1.2.4 Impact on Aquatic Life -- 1.2.5 Devastating Effects of Artificial Light on Bird Species -- 1.2.6 Devastating Effects of Artificial Lights on Plants -- 1.2.7 Devastating Effects of Artificial Lights on Insects -- 1.2.8 Impact on Human Health -- 1.3 Prevention Techniques -- 1.3.1 Smart Cities -- 1.3.2 Smart Lighting -- 1.3.3 Use of LED Light -- 1.4 Innovation Based on Smart Lighting to Reduce Light Pollution -- 1.4.1 Light-Emitting Diode -- 1.4.2 Smart Street Lighting -- 1.4.3 Wireless Communication Technology Lighting -- 1.4.4 Luminaries -- 1.4.5 Artificial Intelligence-Based Lighting -- 1.5 Role of Nanotechnology in the Prevention of Light Pollution -- 1.6 Mitigating Light Pollution by Altering Outdoor Lighting -- 1.6.1 Employ LPS or LED Lights -- 1.6.2 The Light Should Be Directed Where It is Required -- 1.6.3 Lights with Bulb Caps and Shields Should Be Purchased -- 1.6.4 Direct the Light From Your Outdoor Lights Downward -- 1.6.5 Install Lights that Detect Movement -- 1.6.6 Smart Lighting Should Be Installed -- 1.7 Initiatives to Prevent Light Pollution -- 1.8 Challenges and Future Outlooks -- 1.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 ◾ Freeform Optics/Nonimaging: An Introduction -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Design and Working Principle of Free Form -- 2.3 Nonimaging Optics for the Solution of Light Pollution -- 2.4 Freeform Optics in Optical Industries -- 2.5 Freeform Optics in Street Light and Automobile Transportation.