Technologies for Fingermark Age Estimations

Abstract

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter External Reviewers -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Past, Present, and Future of the Forensic Use of Fingermarks -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Morphological Characteristics -- 1.2.1 About the Past: Historical Milestones -- 1.2.2 About the Present: Identification Standards -- 1.2.3 About the Future: Challenges -- 1.3 Chemical Composition -- 1.3.1 Detection Capabilities -- 1.3.2 Age Estimation -- 1.3.3 Donor Profiling -- 1.4 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 2: Latent Fingermarks as Complex Physical, Chemical, and Biological Structures -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 What Are (Latent) Fingermarks? -- 2.2.1 Topography of a Latent Fingermark: The Basics -- 2.2.2 Chemical Composition of a Latent Fingermark: The Basics -- 2.2.3 Biological Composition of a Latent Fingermark: The Basics -- 2.2.4 Other Factors Involved in Latent Fingermark Matrix Degradation -- 2.3 Redefinition of "Latent Fingermark" -- 2.4 Why Is it Important to Determine the Visual Quality of Latent Fingermarks? -- 2.5 The Analysis of Latent Fingermarks: Identifications -- 2.6 The Analysis of Latent Fingermarks: The Degradation Process and Aging Patterns -- 2.6.1 Physical Degradation of Latent Fingermarks: The Effect of Substrate -- 2.6.2 Physical Degradation of Latent Fingermarks: The Effect of Environmental Conditions -- 2.6.3 Chemical Degradation of Latent Fingermarks: The Effect of Substrate and Environment -- 2.6.4 Biological Degradation of Latent Fingermarks: The Effect of Skin Microbiomes -- 2.7 The Analysis of Latent Fingermarks: Visual Indicators of Degradation in 2D -- 2.7.1 Loss of Viable Minutiae -- 2.7.2 Decrease of Color Contrast -- 2.7.3 Increase in Ridge Discontinuities -- 2.7.4 Variations in Ridge Width -- 2.8 Topography of Latent Fingermark: The Special Case of "Ridge Drift".