Input Use Efficiency for Food and Environmental Security

Abstract

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1: Input Use Efficiency in Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems to Manage the Footprints for Food and Environmental Security -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Strategies to Inputs Use Efficiency -- 1.2.1 Zero Tillage -- 1.2.2 Mulching -- 1.2.3 Need-Based Site Specific Fertilization -- 1.2.3.1 Soil Test Based Fertilization -- 1.2.3.2 Leaf Color Chart/Green Seeker -- 1.2.3.3 Chlorophyll Meter -- 1.2.3.4 Omission Plot Technique -- 1.2.3.5 Using Nutrient Expert -- 1.2.4 Crop Residue Management -- 1.2.4.1 Biochar/Paralichar -- 1.2.4.2 Paddy Compost -- 1.2.4.3 Other Options -- 1.3 Water Footprints for Food and Environmental Security -- 1.3.1 Short Duration Rice Cultivars -- 1.3.2 Date of Rice Transplanting -- 1.3.3 Direct Seeding of Rice -- 1.3.4 Laser Land Leveling -- 1.3.5 Permanent Beds -- 1.3.6 Soil Matric Potential Based Irrigation -- 1.3.7 Crop Diversification -- 1.4 Energy Footprints for Food and Environmental Security -- 1.4.1 Mechanical Transplanting of Rice -- 1.4.2 Happy Seeder -- 1.5 Impact of RCTs on the Soil Properties -- 1.6 Conservation Agriculture -- 1.7 Reducing Food Loss and Wastage for Reduced Global Food Production Targets -- 1.8 Conclusions, Identified Gaps, and Upcoming Strategies -- 1.8.1 Identified Gaps -- 1.8.2 Upcoming Strategies -- References -- 2: Agricultural Input Use Efficiency and Climate Change: Ways to Improve the Environment and Food Security -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Climate Change and Variability -- 2.2.1 Observed Climatic Trends -- 2.2.2 Future Climate Projections -- 2.3 Crop Response to Climate Change -- 2.3.1 Effect of Temperature/Heat Stress -- 2.3.2 Effect of Rainfall/Water Stress -- 2.3.3 Effect of Solar Radiation -- 2.3.4 Effect of CO2 -- 2.3.5 Effect of Nutrient Stress -- 2.4 Climate Change and Input Use Efficiency of Crops.