Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- TRANSACTION INTRODUCTION -- PREFACE -- PART ONE: THE LAW -- I. THE CONCEPT OF LAW -- A. Law and Justice -- a. Human behavior as the object of rules -- b. Scientific and political definition of law -- c. The concept of law and the idea of justice -- 1. Justice as a subjective judgment of value -- 2. Natural law -- 3· The dualism of positive and natural law -- 4· Justice and peace -- 5· Justice and legality -- B. The Criterion of Law (Law as a Specific Social Technique) -- a. Direct and indirect motivation -- b. Transcendental and socially organized sanctions -- c. Punishment and reward -- d. Law as a coercive order -- e. Law, morality, religion -- f. Monopolization of the use of force -- g. Law and peace -- h. Psychic compulsion -- i. The motives of lawful behavior -- j. Arguments against the definition of law as coercive order -- 1. Eugen Ehrlich's theory -- 2. The never-ending series of sanctions -- C. Validity and Efficacy -- a. The "norm" -- 1. The law as a command, i.e., expression of a will -- 2. The "will" of the parties in a legal transaction -- 3· The "will" of the legislator -- 4· Customary law as command -- 5· The "ought" -- b. General and individual norms -- c. Conditional and unconditional norms -- d. Norm and act -- e. Efficacy as conformity of the behavior to the norm -- f. Behavior "opposed" to the norm -- g. Efficacy as condition of validity -- h. Sphere of validity of the norms -- i. Retroactive laws and ignorantia juris -- D. The Legal Norm -- a. Legal norm and rule of law in a descriptive sense -- b. Rule of law and law of nature -- c. The legal norm as a standard of valuation -- II. THE SANCTION -- III. THE DELICT -- A. "Mala in se" and "Mala prohibita" -- B. The Delict as a Condition of the Sanction